The temperature on October 23, 1870 was about 9.3 °C. There was 5 mm of rain. The air pressure was 17 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 95%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
January 23 » In Montana, U.S. cavalrymen kill 173 Native Americans, mostly women and children, in what becomes known as the Marias Massacre.
February 27 » The current flag of Japan is first adopted as the national flag for Japanese merchant ships.
June 26 » The Christian holiday of Christmas is declared a federal holiday in the United States.
July 15 » Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are transferred to Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company, and the province of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories are established from these vast territories.
July 18 » The First Vatican Council decrees the dogma of papal infallibility.
September 19 » Franco-Prussian War: The siege of Paris begins. The city will hold out for over four months before surrendering.
Day of death July 11, 1916
The temperature on July 11, 1916 was between 9.7 °C and 16.9 °C and averaged 13.8 °C. There was 2.0 hours of sunshine (12%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
February 21 » World War I: In France, the Battle of Verdun begins.
February 25 » In the Battle of Verdun, a German unit captures Fort Douaumont, keystone of the French defences, without a fight.
April 29 » World War I: The UK's 6th Indian Division surrenders to Ottoman Forces at the Siege of Kut in one of the largest surrenders of British forces up to that point.
May 10 » Sailing in the lifeboat James Caird, Ernest Shackleton arrives at South Georgia after a journey of 800 nautical miles from Elephant Island.
August 5 » World War I: Battle of Romani: Allied forces, under the command of Archibald Murray, defeat an attacking Ottoman army under the command of Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein, securing the Suez Canal and beginning the Ottoman retreat from the Sinai Peninsula.
October 7 » Georgia Tech defeats Cumberland University 222–0 in the most lopsided college football game in American history.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Louis Kramer, "Kramer Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kramer_stamboom/I600356.php : accessed March 5, 2026), "Rinske Haakma (1870-1916)".
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