The temperature on January 17, 1848 was about -5.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south-southeast. Weather type: dampig. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
From November 21, 1848 till November 1, 1849 the Netherlands had a cabinet De Kempenaer - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. J.M. de Kempenaer (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
February 21 » Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish The Communist Manifesto.
March 15 » A revolution breaks out in Hungary. The Habsburg rulers are compelled to meet the demands of the Reform party.
May 18 » Opening of the first German National Assembly (Nationalversammlung) in Frankfurt, Germany.
May 22 » Slavery is abolished in Martinique.
July 19 » Women's rights: A two-day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York.
December 5 » California Gold Rush: In a message to the United States Congress, U.S. President James K. Polk confirms that large amounts of gold had been discovered in California.
Day of marriage May 25, 1878
The temperature on May 25, 1878 was about 10.5 °C. There was 4 mm of rain. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 93%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
February 22 » In Utica, New York, Frank Woolworth opens the first of many of five-and-dime Woolworth stores.
March 15 » Restoration of the Scottish Catholic hierarchy, broken off back in 1603.
June 10 » League of Prizren is established, to oppose the decisions of the Congress of Berlin and the Treaty of San Stefano, as a consequence of which the Albanian lands in the Balkans were being partitioned and given to the neighbor states of Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, and Greece.
June 15 » Eadweard Muybridge takes a series of photographs to prove that all four feet of a horse leave the ground when it runs; the study becomes the basis of motion pictures.
September 1 » Emma Nutt becomes the world's first female telephone operator when she is recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company.
September 3 » Over 640 die when the crowded pleasure boat Princess Alice collides with the Bywell Castle in the River Thames.
Day of death January 18, 1902
The temperature on January 18, 1902 was between -2.2 °C and 5.9 °C and averaged 3.4 °C. Source: KNMI
January 30 » The first Anglo-Japanese Alliance is signed in London.
February 27 » Second Boer War: Australian soldiers Harry "Breaker" Morant and Peter Handcock are executed in Pretoria after being convicted of war crimes.
May 31 » Second Boer War: The Treaty of Vereeniging ends the war and ensures British control of South Africa.
July 17 » Willis Carrier creates the first air conditioner in Buffalo, New York.
August 22 » Cadillac Motor Company is founded.
December 14 » The Commercial Pacific Cable Company lays the first Pacific telegraph cable, from San Francisco to Honolulu.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Louis Kramer, "Kramer Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kramer_stamboom/I578131.php : accessed March 15, 2026), "Hans Willem Gemeraad (1848-1902)".
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