June 11 » Denmark adopts the characteristic Nordic Cross flag later taken up by all other Scandinavian countries.
August 26 » The first Lutheran denomination in North America, the Pennsylvania Ministerium, is founded in Philadelphia.
October 12 » War of Jenkins' Ear: A British squadron wins a tactical victory over a Spanish squadron off Havana.
October 18 » Signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the War of the Austrian Succession.
Day of marriage March 17, 1776
The temperature on March 17, 1776 was about 6.0 °C. Wind direction mainly northwest. Weather type: helder. Special wheather fenomena: noorderlicht. Source: KNMI
February 27 » American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge in North Carolina breaks up a Loyalist militia.
May 15 » American Revolution: The Fifth Virginia Convention instructs its Continental Congress delegation to propose a resolution of independence from Great Britain, paving the way for the United States Declaration of Independence.
July 8 » Church bells (possibly including the Liberty Bell) are rung after John Nixon delivers the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence of the United States.
August 31 » William Livingston, the first Governor of New Jersey, begins serving his first term.
October 28 » American Revolutionary War: British troops attack and capture Chatterton Hill from the Continental Army.
November 16 » American Revolution: The United Provinces (Low Countries) recognize the independence of the United States.
Day of death February 28, 1813
The temperature on February 28, 1813 was about 7.0 °C. Wind direction mainly west-northwest. Weather type: half bewolkt. Source: KNMI
This page is only available in Dutch.
De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 3 » José de San Martín defeats a Spanish royalist army at the Battle of San Lorenzo, part of the Argentine War of Independence.
February 7 » In the action of 7 February 1813 near the Îles de Los, the frigates Aréthuse and Amelia batter each other, but neither can gain the upper hand.
June 24 » Battle of Beaver Dams: A British and Indian combined force defeats the United States Army.
July 5 » War of 1812: Three weeks of British raids on Fort Schlosser, Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York commence.
August 10 » Instituto Nacional, is founded by the Chilean patriot José Miguel Carrera. It is Chile's oldest and most prestigious school. Its motto is Labor Omnia Vincit, which means "Work conquers all things".
October 8 » The Treaty of Ried is signed between Bavaria and Austria.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Louis Kramer, "Kramer Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kramer_stamboom/I570228.php : accessed February 7, 2026), "Folkert /Jans Jonkman (1748-1813)".
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