January 23 » The Malolos Constitution is inaugurated, establishing the First Philippine Republic. Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in as its first President.
February 14 » Voting machines are approved by the U.S. Congress for use in federal elections.
February 22 » Filipino forces led by General Antonio Luna launch counterattacks for the first time against the American forces during the Philippine–American War. The Filipinos fail to regain Manila from the Americans.
March 27 » Emilio Aguinaldo leads Filipino forces for the only time during the Philippine–American War at the Battle of Marilao River.
March 30 » German Society of Chemistry issues an invitation to other national scientific organizations to appoint delegates to the International Committee on Atomic Weights.
November 2 » The Boers begin their 118-day siege of British-held Ladysmith during the Second Boer War.
Day of death July 23, 1943
The temperature on July 23, 1943 was between 11.2 °C and 20.7 °C and averaged 16.0 °C. There was 5.2 hours of sunshine (33%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
February 2 » World War II: The Battle of Stalingrad comes to an end when Soviet troops accept the surrender of the last organized German troops in the city.
April 5 » World War II: American bomber aircraft accidentally cause more than 900 civilian deaths, including 209 children, and 1,300 wounded among the civilian population of the Belgian town of Mortsel. Their target was the Erla factory one kilometer from the residential area hit.
July 19 » World War II: Rome is heavily bombed by more than 500 Allied aircraft, inflicting thousands of casualties.
July 22 » World War II: Allied forces capture Palermo during the Allied invasion of Sicily.
October 19 » Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.
December 30 » Subhas Chandra Bose raises the flag of Indian independence at Port Blair.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Louis Kramer, "Kramer Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kramer_stamboom/I561833.php : accessed March 15, 2026), "Duijfina Souget Swaab (1899-1943)".
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