The temperature on December 23, 1865 was about -1.4 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south east. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 96%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
March 19 » American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville begins. By the end of the battle two days later, Confederate forces had retreated from Four Oaks, North Carolina.
March 29 » American Civil War: Federal forces under Major General Philip Sheridan move to flank Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee as the Appomattox Campaign begins.
April 1 » American Civil War: Union troops led by Philip Sheridan decisively defeat Confederate troops led by George Pickett, cutting the Army of Northern Virginia's last supply line.
April 26 » American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at the Bennett Place near Durham, North Carolina. Also the date of Confederate Memorial Day for two states.
May 5 » American Civil War: The Confederate government was declared dissolved at Washington, Georgia.
December 1 » Shaw University, the first historically black university in the southern United States, is founded in Raleigh, North Carolina.
Day of death July 9, 1919
The temperature on July 9, 1919 was between 10.4 °C and 16.7 °C and averaged 13.0 °C. There was 0.2 mm of rain. There was -0.1 hours of sunshine (0%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west-northwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from September 9, 1918 to September 18, 1922 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck I, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
January 15 » Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, two of the most prominent socialists in Germany, are tortured and murdered by the Freikorps at the end of the Spartacist uprising.
February 14 » The Polish–Soviet War begins.
July 6 » The British dirigible R34 lands in New York, completing the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by an airship.
December 1 » Lady Astor becomes the first female Member of Parliament to take her seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. (She had been elected to that position on November 28.)
December 21 » American anarchist Emma Goldman is deported to Russia.
December 23 » Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 becomes law in the United Kingdom.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Louis Kramer, "Kramer Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kramer_stamboom/I560870.php : accessed January 30, 2026), "Josefina Karlsdotter Niemelä (1865-1919)".
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