The temperature on February 12, 1860 was about -5.8 °C. The air pressure was 12 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-northeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 87%. Source: KNMI
From March 18, 1858 till February 23, 1860 the Netherlands had a cabinet Rochussen - Van Bosse with the prime ministers J.J. Rochussen (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal).
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
January 1 » The first Polish stamp is issued, replacing the Russian stamps previously in use.
February 27 » Abraham Lincoln makes a speech at Cooper Union in the city of New York that is largely responsible for his election to the Presidency.
March 5 » Parma, Tuscany, Modena and Romagna vote in referendums to join the Kingdom of Sardinia.
March 24 » Sakuradamon Incident: Assassination of Japanese Chief Minister (Tairō) Ii Naosuke.
October 18 » The Second Opium War finally ends at the Convention of Peking with the ratification of the Treaty of Tientsin, an unequal treaty.
December 20 » South Carolina becomes the first state to attempt to secede from the United States.
Day of death September 17, 1937
The temperature on September 17, 1937 was between 9.3 °C and 18.0 °C and averaged 13.4 °C. There was 3.2 mm of rain during 1.5 hours. There was 2.1 hours of sunshine (17%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southeast. Source: KNMI
July 9 » The silent film archives of Fox Film Corporation are destroyed by the 1937 Fox vault fire.
September 22 » Spanish Civil War: Peña Blanca is taken, ending the Battle of El Mazuco.
September 25 » Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Eighth Route Army gains a minor, but morale-boosting victory in the Battle of Pingxingguan.
November 1 » Stalinists execute Pastor Paul Hamberg and seven members of Azerbaijan's Lutheran community.
November 9 » Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Army withdraws from the Battle of Shanghai.
December 13 » Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking: The city of Nanjing, defended by the National Revolutionary Army under the command of General Tang Shengzhi, falls to the Japanese. This is followed by the Nanking Massacre, in which Japanese troops rape and slaughter hundreds of thousands of civilians.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Louis Kramer, "Kramer Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kramer_stamboom/I560180.php : accessed March 16, 2026), "Malena Hansdatter Småvand (1860-1937)".
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