The temperature on December 21, 1857 was about 8.9 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 13 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
May 6 » The East India Company disbands the 34th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry whose sepoy Mangal Pandey had earlier revolted against the British in the lead up to the War of Indian Independence.
June 1 » Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal is published.
August 24 » The Panic of 1857 begins, setting off one of the most severe economic crises in United States history.
October 24 » Sheffield F.C., the world's oldest association football club still in operation, is founded in England.
November 16 » Second relief of Lucknow: Twenty-four Victoria Crosses are awarded, the most in a single day.
December 31 » Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa, then a small logging town, as the capital of the Province of Canada.
Day of death July 6, 1938
The temperature on July 6, 1938 was between 9.0 °C and 18.5 °C and averaged 13.6 °C. There was 27.1 mm of rain during 3.3 hours. There was 7.2 hours of sunshine (43%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the southwest. Source: KNMI
March 27 » Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Taierzhuang begins, resulting several weeks later in the war's first major Chinese victory over Japan.
April 10 » The 1938 German parliamentary election and referendum seeks approval for a single list of Nazi candidates and the recent annexation of Austria.
April 30 » The animated cartoon short Porky's Hare Hunt debuts in movie theaters, introducing Happy Rabbit, an early version of Bugs Bunny.
September 21 » The Great Hurricane of 1938 makes landfall on Long Island in New York. The death toll is estimated at 500–700 people.
September 23 » The Czechoslovak army is mobilized in response to the Munich Agreement.
December 17 » Otto Hahn discovers the nuclear fission of the heavy element uranium, the scientific and technological basis of nuclear energy.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Louis Kramer, "Kramer Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kramer_stamboom/I558442.php : accessed January 19, 2026), "Maria Andersdatter Hammer (1857-1938)".
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