The temperature on March 13, 1865 was about 0.8 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 90%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
April 3 » American Civil War: Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederate States of America.
April 13 » American Civil War: Raleigh, North Carolina is occupied by Union Forces.
April 20 » Astronomer Angelo Secchi demonstrates the Secchi disk, which measures water clarity, aboard Pope Pius IX's yacht, the L'Immaculata Concezion.
July 30 » The steamboat Brother Jonathan sinks off the coast of Crescent City, California, killing 225 passengers, the deadliest shipwreck on the Pacific Coast of the U.S. at the time.
August 12 » Joseph Lister, British surgeon and scientist, performs 1st antiseptic surgery.
November 18 » Mark Twain's short story "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" is published in the New York Saturday Press.
Day of death December 31, 1923
The temperature on December 31, 1923 was between -16.9 °C and -4.0 °C and averaged -9.7 °C. There was 0.1 hours of sunshine (1%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the south east. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from September 19, 1922 to August 4, 1925 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck II, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
January 11 » Occupation of the Ruhr: Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to make its World War I reparation payments.
March 20 » The Arts Club of Chicago hosts the opening of Pablo Picasso's first United States showing, entitled Original Drawings by Pablo Picasso, becoming an early proponent of modern art in the United States.
April 28 » Wembley Stadium is opened, named initially as the Empire Stadium.
September 1 » The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 105,000 people.
September 7 » The International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) is formed.
September 26 » The German government accepts the occupation of the Ruhr.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Louis Kramer, "Kramer Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kramer_stamboom/I558097.php : accessed January 7, 2026), "Hessel Douwes Halbesma (1865-1923)".
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