The temperature on November 19, 1865 was about 2.1 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 31 » American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, abolishing slavery and submits it to the states for ratification.
April 10 » American Civil War: A day after his surrender to Union forces, Confederate General Robert E. Lee addresses his troops for the last time.
April 14 » U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward and his family are attacked at home by Lewis Powell.
July 31 » The first narrow-gauge mainline railway in the world opens at Grandchester, Queensland, Australia.
November 10 » Major Henry Wirz, the superintendent of a prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia, is hanged, becoming one of only three American Civil War soldiers executed for war crimes.
November 18 » Mark Twain's short story "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" is published in the New York Saturday Press.
Day of death April 1, 1955
The temperature on April 1, 1955 was between -0.9 °C and 7.3 °C and averaged 4.4 °C. There was 1.5 hours of sunshine (12%). The partly or heavily clouded was. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the northwest. Source: KNMI
March 2 » Norodom Sihanouk, king of Cambodia, abdicates the throne in favor of his father, Norodom Suramarit.
April 12 » The polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk, is declared safe and effective.
May 14 » Cold War: Eight Communist bloc countries, including the Soviet Union, sign a mutual defense treaty called the Warsaw Pact.
June 2 » The USSR and Yugoslavia sign the Belgrade declaration and thus normalize relations between both countries, discontinued since 1948.
June 11 » Eighty-three spectators are killed and at least 100 are injured after an Austin-Healey and a Mercedes-Benz collide at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the deadliest ever accident in motorsports.
October 1 » The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is established.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Louis Kramer, "Kramer Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kramer_stamboom/I554455.php : accessed February 21, 2026), "Pieter Willems Jongsma (1865-1955)".
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