The temperature on November 30, 1881 was about 5.0 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 92%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
February 16 » The Canadian Pacific Railway is incorporated by Act of Parliament at Ottawa (44th Vic., c.1).
March 13 » Alexander II of Russia is assassinated.
April 11 » Spelman College is founded in Atlanta, Georgia as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, an institute of higher education for African-American women.
June 13 » The USS Jeannette is crushed in an Arctic Ocean ice pack.
July 1 » General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell and Childers reforms of the British Army, comes into effect.
November 7 » Mapuche rebels attack the Chilean settlement of Nueva Imperial, as defenders fled to the hills and the settlement was effectively destroyed.
Day of death July 31, 1960
The temperature on July 31, 1960 was between 14.8 °C and 19.0 °C and averaged 16.4 °C. There was 2.0 mm of rain during 4.8 hours. There was 0.2 hours of sunshine (1%). The almost completely overcast was. The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the west-southwest. Source: KNMI
April 1 » The TIROS-1 satellite transmits the first television picture from space.
July 11 » To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is first published, in the United States.
September 26 » In Chicago, the first televised debate takes place between presidential candidates Richard M. Nixon and John F. Kennedy.
October 1 » Nigeria gains independence from the United Kingdom.
November 3 » The land that would become the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge was established by an Act of Congress after a year-long legal battle that pitted local residents against Port Authority of New York and New Jersey officials wishing to turn the Great Swamp into a major regional airport for jet aircraft.
December 11 » French forces crack down in a violent clash with protesters in French Algeria during a visit by French President Charles de Gaulle.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Louis Kramer, "Kramer Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kramer_stamboom/I553568.php : accessed March 8, 2026), "Elin Mikaelsdotter (1881-1960)".
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