June 14 » Hawaii becomes a United States territory.
June 14 » The second German Naval Law calls for the Imperial German Navy to be doubled in size, resulting in an Anglo-German naval arms race.
June 18 » Empress Dowager Cixi of China orders all foreigners killed, including foreign diplomats and their families.
November 7 » Second Boer War: Battle of Leliefontein, a battle during which the Royal Canadian Dragoons win three Victoria Crosses.
November 7 » The People's Party is founded in Cuba.
Day of death August 13, 1943
The temperature on August 13, 1943 was between 11.3 °C and 17.2 °C and averaged 14.9 °C. There was 0.5 mm of rain during 0.8 hours. There was 4.5 hours of sunshine (30%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
January 17 » World War II: Greek submarine Papanikolis captures the 200-ton sailing vessel Agios Stefanos and mans her with part of her crew.
January 29 » World War II: The first day of the Battle of Rennell Island, USSChicago(CA-29) is torpedoed and heavily damaged by Japanese bombers.
August 17 » World War II: The Royal Air Force begins Operation Hydra, the first air raid of the Operation Crossbow strategic bombing campaign against Germany's V-weapon program.
September 16 » World War II: The German Tenth Army reports that it can no longer contain the Allied bridgehead around Salerno.
November 3 » World War II: Five hundred aircraft of the U.S. 8th Air Force devastate Wilhelmshaven harbor in Germany.
December 8 » World War II: The German 117th Jäger Division destroys the monastery of Mega Spilaio in Greece and executes 22 monks and visitors as part of reprisals that culminated a few days later with the Massacre of Kalavryta.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Louis Kramer, "Kramer Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kramer_stamboom/I542825.php : accessed February 1, 2026), "Emma Elida Eriksen (1900-1943)".
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