From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
February 18 » In Montgomery, Alabama, Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as the provisional President of the Confederate States of America.
April 12 » American Civil War: Battle of Fort Sumter. The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
April 17 » The state of Virginia's secession convention votes to secede from the United States, later becoming the eighth state to join the Confederate States of America.
May 29 » The Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce is founded, in Hong Kong.
October 21 » American Civil War: Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war.
December 9 » American Civil War: The Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War is established by the U.S. Congress.
Christening day July 7, 1861
The temperature on July 7, 1861 was about 19.5 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 76%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
March 19 » The First Taranaki War ends in New Zealand.
May 24 » American Civil War: Union troops occupy Alexandria, Virginia.
June 8 » American Civil War: Tennessee secedes from the Union.
August 5 » American Civil War: In order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government levies the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US$800; rescinded in 1872).
October 1 » Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management is published, going on to sell 60,000 copies in its first year and remaining in print until the present day
December 9 » American Civil War: The Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War is established by the U.S. Congress.
Day of death November 23, 1905
The average temperature on November 23, 1905 was 3.5 °C. The average windspeed was 5 Bft (very strong wind) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 1, 1901 to August 16, 1905 the cabinet Kuijper, with Dr. A. Kuijper (AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from August 17, 1905 to February 11, 1908 the cabinet De Meester, with Mr. Th. de Meester (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
January 22 » Bloody Sunday in Saint Petersburg, beginning of the 1905 revolution.
April 30 » Albert Einstein completes his doctoral thesis at the University of Zurich.
May 27 » Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of Tsushima begins.
August 20 » Sun Yat-sen, Chinese revolutionary, forms the first chapter of T'ung Meng Hui, a union of all secret societies determined to bringing down the Manchus.
September 23 » Norway and Sweden sign the "Karlstad treaty", peacefully dissolving the Union between the two countries.
November 18 » Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Louis Kramer, "Kramer Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kramer_stamboom/I537792.php : accessed March 7, 2026), "Sophie Leonora Johansdtr (1861-1905)".
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