The temperature on January 18, 1870 was about 0.9 °C. The air pressure was 3 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the northeast. The airpressure was 78 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 66%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
February 27 » The current flag of Japan is first adopted as the national flag for Japanese merchant ships.
June 22 » The United States Department of Justice is created by the U.S. Congress.
July 15 » Reconstruction Era of the United States: Georgia becomes the last of the former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.
August 8 » The Republic of Ploiești, a failed Radical-Liberal rising against Domnitor Carol of Romania.
October 2 » A plebiscite held in Rome, supports annexation of city of Rome by the Kingdom of Italy.
November 1 » In the United States, the Weather Bureau (later renamed the National Weather Service) makes its first official meteorological forecast.
Day of death December 31, 1943
The temperature on December 31, 1943 was between -0.6 °C and 3.3 °C and averaged 1.1 °C. There was 2.0 mm of rain during 6.2 hours. There was 3.4 hours of sunshine (44%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west-northwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
April 30 » World War II: The British submarine HMSSeraph surfaces near Huelva to cast adrift a dead man dressed as a courier and carrying false invasion plans.
May 15 » Joseph Stalin dissolves the Comintern (or Third International).
June 12 » The Holocaust: Germany liquidates the Jewish Ghetto in Brzeżany, Poland (now Berezhany, Ukraine). Around 1,180 Jews are led to the city's old Jewish graveyard and shot.
July 24 » World War II: Operation Gomorrah begins: British and Canadian aeroplanes bomb Hamburg by night, and American planes bomb the city by day. By the end of the operation in November, 9,000 tons of explosives will have killed more than 30,000 people and destroyed 280,000 buildings.
December 15 » World War II: The Battle of Arawe begins during the New Britain campaign.
December 24 » World War II: U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower is named Supreme Allied Commander for the Invasion of Normandy.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Louis Kramer, "Kramer Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kramer_stamboom/I511431.php : accessed February 22, 2026), "Gerben Nijboer (1870-1943)".
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