The temperature on March 23, 1838 was about 3.0 °C. Wind direction mainly west-northwest. Weather type: half bewolkt. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 26 » Tennessee enacts the first prohibition law in the United States.
February 17 » Weenen massacre: Hundreds of Voortrekkers along the Blaukraans River, Natal are killed by Zulus.
April 30 » Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation.
August 18 » The Wilkes Expedition, which would explore the Puget Sound and Antarctica, weighs anchor at Hampton Roads.
October 5 » The Killough massacre in east Texas sees eighteen Texian settlers either killed or kidnapped.
December 16 » Great Trek: Battle of Blood River: Voortrekkers led by Andries Pretorius and Sarel Cilliers defeat Zulu impis, led by Dambuza (Nzobo) and Ndlela kaSompisi in what is today KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Day of marriage May 18, 1862
The temperature on May 18, 1862 was about 17.0 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 76%. Source: KNMI
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
March 8 » American Civil War: The Naval Battle of Hampton Roads begins.
April 20 » Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard complete the experiment disproving the theory of spontaneous generation.
May 15 » President Abraham Lincoln signs a bill into law creating the United States Bureau of Agriculture. It is later renamed the United States Department of Agriculture.
May 20 » U.S. President Abraham Lincoln signs the Homestead Act into law, opening 84million acres of public land to settlers.
July 23 » American Civil War: Henry Halleck takes command of the Union Army.
December 26 » The largest mass-hanging in U.S. history took place in Mankato, Minnesota, where 38 Native Americans died.
Day of death August 9, 1916
The temperature on August 9, 1916 was between 8.9 °C and 25.2 °C and averaged 17.7 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. There was 12.3 hours of sunshine (82%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north-northeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
March 8 » World War I: A British force unsuccessfully attempts to relieve the siege of Kut (present-day Iraq) in the Battle of Dujaila.
March 9 » Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa leads nearly 500 Mexican raiders in an attack against the border town of Columbus, New Mexico.
June 3 » The National Defense Act is signed into law, increasing the size of the United States National Guard by 450,000 men.
July 7 » The New Zealand Labour Party was founded in Wellington.
August 27 » World War I: The Kingdom of Romania declares war on Austria-Hungary, entering the war as one of the Allied nations.
November 5 » The Everett massacre takes place in Everett, Washington as political differences lead to a shoot-out between the Industrial Workers of the World organizers and local police.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Louis Kramer, "Kramer Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kramer_stamboom/I507224.php : accessed January 22, 2026), "Durkje Klazes Groeneveld (1838-1916)".
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