The temperature on July 9, 1775 was about 18.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south by west. Weather type: zeer betrokken. Special wheather fenomena: wat dauw. Source: KNMI
March 8 » An anonymous writer, thought by some to be Thomas Paine, publishes "African Slavery in America", the first article in the American colonies calling for the emancipation of slaves and the abolition of slavery.
June 12 » American Revolution: British general Thomas Gage declares martial law in Massachusetts. The British offer a pardon to all colonists who lay down their arms. There would be only two exceptions to the amnesty: Samuel Adams and John Hancock, if captured, were to be hanged.
September 11 » Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec leaves Cambridge, Massachusetts.
October 27 » King George III expands on his Proclamation of Rebellion in the Thirteen Colonies in his speech from the throne at the opening of Parliament.
November 13 » American Revolutionary War: Patriot revolutionary forces under Gen. Richard Montgomery occupy Montreal.
December 9 » American Revolutionary War: British troops lose the Battle of Great Bridge, and leave Virginia soon afterward.
Day of death April 13, 1868
The temperature on April 13, 1868 was about 7.6 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 56%. Source: KNMI
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
May 29 » Mihailo Obrenović III, Prince of Serbia is assassinated.
July 9 » The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing African Americans full citizenship and all persons in the United States due process of law.
August 18 » French astronomer Pierre Janssen discovers helium.
September 28 » The Battle of Alcolea causes Queen Isabella II of Spain to flee to France.
November 27 » American Indian Wars: Battle of Washita River: United States Army Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer leads an attack on Cheyenne living on reservation land.
December 24 » The Greek Presidential Guard is established as the royal escort by King George I.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Louis Kramer, "Kramer Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kramer_stamboom/I505420.php : accessed February 6, 2026), "Johannes Hanssen kvarv (1775-1868)".
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