The temperature on March 17, 1843 was about 4.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south east. Weather type: half bewolkt. Source: KNMI
This page is only available in Dutch.
De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
May 18 » The Disruption in Edinburgh of the Free Church of Scotland from the Church of Scotland.
June 26 » Treaty of Nanking comes into effect, Hong Kong Island is ceded to the British "in perpetuity".
September 13 » The Greek Army rebels (OS date: September 3) against the autocratic rule of king Otto of Greece, demanding the granting of a constitution.
September 21 » John Williams Wilson takes possession of the Strait of Magellan on behalf of the Chilean government.
October 1 » The News of the World tabloid begins publication in London, UK.
October 16 » William Rowan Hamilton invents quaternions, a three-dimensional system of complex numbers.
Day of marriage November 1, 1876
The temperature on November 1, 1876 was about 7.9 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 14 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 61%. Source: KNMI
From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
February 14 » Alexander Graham Bell applies for a patent for the telephone, as does Elisha Gray.
April 22 » The first game in the history of the National League was played at the Jefferson Street Grounds in Philadelphia. This game is often pointed to as the beginning of Major League Baseball.
June 4 » An express train called the Transcontinental Express arrives in San Francisco, via the First Transcontinental Railroad only 83 hours and 39 minutes after leaving New York City.
July 8 » The Hamburg massacre prior to the 1876 United States presidential election results in the deaths of six African-Americans of the Republican Party, along with one white assailant.
October 4 » The Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas opens as the first public college in Texas.
December 29 » The Ashtabula River railroad disaster occurs, leaving 64 injured and 92 dead at Ashtabula, Ohio.
Day of death July 14, 1900
The temperature on July 14, 1900 was about 20.3 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 54%. Source: KNMI
May 17 » The children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum, is first published in the United States. The first copy is given to the author's sister.
May 18 » The United Kingdom proclaims a protectorate over Tonga.
May 29 » N'Djamena is founded as Fort-Lamy by the French commander Émile Gentil.
June 21 » Boxer Rebellion. China formally declares war on the United States, Britain, Germany, France and Japan, as an edict issued from the Empress Dowager Cixi.
August 3 » The Firestone Tire and Rubber Company is founded.
October 25 » The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Erin Leigh Kolks, "Kolks Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kolks-family-tree/I332612248243.php : accessed May 4, 2025), "James Jackson Gray (1843-1900)".
Copy warning
Genealogical publications are copyright protected. Although data is often retrieved from public archives, the searching, interpreting, collecting, selecting and sorting of the data results in a unique product. Copyright protected work may not simply be copied or republished.
Please stick to the following rules
Request permission to copy data or at least inform the author, chances are that the author gives permission, often the contact also leads to more exchange of data.
Do not use this data until you have checked it, preferably at the source (the archives).
State from whom you have copied the data and ideally also his/her original source.