The temperature on July 20, 1863 was about 13.0 °C. There was 0.4 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 77%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
February 24 » Arizona is organized as a United States territory.
July 7 » The United States begins its first military draft; exemptions cost $300.
July 19 » American Civil War: Morgan's Raid: At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
August 8 » American Civil War: Following his defeat in the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee sends a letter of resignation to Confederate President Jefferson Davis (which is refused upon receipt).
September 19 » American Civil War: The first day of the Battle of Chickamauga, in northwestern Georgia, the bloodiest two-day battle of the conflict, and the only significant Confederate victory in the war's Western Theater.
October 26 » The Football Association is founded.
Day of death July 9, 1942
The temperature on July 9, 1942 was between 12.6 °C and 17.9 °C and averaged 14.9 °C. There was 0.5 mm of rain during 0.6 hours. There was 1.7 hours of sunshine (10%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
February 24 » The Battle of Los Angeles: A false alarm led to an anti-aircraft barrage that lasted into the early hours of February 25.
March 14 » Anne Miller becomes the first American patient to be treated with penicillin, under the care of Orvan Hess and John Bumstead.
April 9 » World War II: The Battle of Bataan ends. An Indian Ocean raid by Japan's 1st Air Fleet sinks the British aircraft carrier HMSHermes and the Australian destroyer HMASVampire.
June 22 » World War II: Erwin Rommel is promoted to Field Marshal after the Axis capture of Tobruk.
August 22 » Brazil declares war on Germany, Japan and Italy.
November 8 » World War II: French Resistance coup in Algiers, in which 400 civilian French patriots neutralize Vichyist XIXth Army Corps after 15 hours of fighting, and arrest several Vichyist generals, allowing the immediate success of Operation Torch in Algiers.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Erin Leigh Kolks, "Kolks Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kolks-family-tree/I332611504345.php : accessed May 11, 2025), "August Ferdinand Kottwitz (1863-1942)".
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