The temperature on March 7, 1843 was about 4.0 °C. Wind direction mainly north-northeast. Weather type: helder. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 6 » The first minstrel show in the United States, The Virginia Minstrels, opens (Bowery Amphitheatre in New York City).
September 3 » King Otto of Greece is forced to grant a constitution following an uprising in Athens.
September 21 » John Williams Wilson takes possession of the Strait of Magellan on behalf of the Chilean government.
October 16 » William Rowan Hamilton invents quaternions, a three-dimensional system of complex numbers.
October 30 » Fuerte Bulnes, the first Chilean settlement in the strait of Magellan, is founded.
December 16 » The discovery of octonions by John T. Graves, who denoted them with a boldface O, was announced to his mathematician friend William Hamilton, discoverer of quaternions, in a letter on this date.
Day of marriage April 19, 1866
The temperature on April 19, 1866 was about 14.1 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-southeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 60%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from February 10, 1866 to June 1, 1866 the cabinet Fransen van de Putte, with I.D. Fransen van de Putte (liberaal) as prime minister.
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
February 16 » Spencer Compton Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington becomes British Secretary of State for War.
April 4 » Alexander II of Russia narrowly escapes an assassination attempt by Dmitry Karakozov in the city of Saint Petersburg.
May 22 » Oliver Winchester founded the Winchester Repeating Arms
July 3 » Austro-Prussian War is decided at the Battle of Königgrätz, resulting in Prussia taking over as the prominent German nation from Austria.
August 20 » President Andrew Johnson formally declares the American Civil War over.
August 23 » Austro-Prussian War ends with the Treaty of Prague.
Day of death April 11, 1925
The temperature on April 11, 1925 was between 3.8 °C and 15.0 °C and averaged 9.2 °C. There was 3.6 hours of sunshine (26%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the north. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from September 19, 1922 to August 4, 1925 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck II, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from August 4, 1925 to March 8, 1926 the cabinet Colijn I, with Dr. H. Colijn (ARP) as prime minister.
January 30 » The Government of Turkey expels Patriarch Constantine VI from Istanbul.
February 2 » Serum run to Nome: Dog sleds reach Nome, Alaska with diphtheria serum, inspiring the Iditarod race.
March 21 » Syngman Rhee is removed from office after being impeached as the President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.
April 16 » During the Communist St Nedelya Church assault in Sofia, Bulgaria, 150 are killed and 500 are wounded.
July 10 » Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, the so-called "Monkey Trial" begins of John T. Scopes, a young high school science teacher accused of teaching evolution in violation of the Butler Act.
August 5 » Plaid Cymru is formed with the aim of disseminating knowledge of the Welsh language that is at the time in danger of dying out.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Erin Leigh Kolks, "Kolks Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kolks-family-tree/I332611050405.php : accessed May 4, 2025), "Bernhard Joseph Grotewiel (1843-1925)".
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