April 30 » Mapuche leader Lautaro is killed by Spanish forces at the Battle of Mataquito in Chile.
July 6 » King Philip II of Spain, consort of Queen Mary I of England, sets out from Dover to war with France, which eventually resulted in the loss of the City of Calais, the last English possession on the continent, and Mary I never seeing her husband again.
August 10 » Battle of St. Quentin: Spanish victory over the French in the Italian War of 1551–59.
August 27 » The Battle of St. Quentin results in Emmanuel Philibert becoming Duke of Savoy.
January 16 » The first edition of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha (Book One of Don Quixote) by Miguel de Cervantes is published in Madrid, Spain.
August 8 » The city of Oulu, Finland, is founded by Charles IX of Sweden.
September 27 » The armies of Sweden are defeated by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Battle of Kircholm.
November 5 » Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is arrested.
November 8 » Robert Catesby, ringleader of the Gunpowder Plotters, is killed.
May 14 » Four-year-old Louis XIV becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Louis XIII.
May 19 » Thirty Years' War: French forces under the duc d'Enghien decisively defeat Spanish forces at the Battle of Rocroi, marking the symbolic end of Spain as a dominant land power.
July 1 » First meeting of the Westminster Assembly, a council of theologians ("divines") and members of the Parliament of England appointed to restructure the Church of England, at Westminster Abbey in London.
July 13 » English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down: In England, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, heavily defeats the Parliamentarian forces led by Sir William Waller.
August 24 » A Dutch fleet establishes a new colony in the ruins of Valdivia in southern Chile.
December 13 » English Civil War: The Battle of Alton takes place in Hampshire.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Brian Kennedy, "Kennedy Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/kennedy-family-tree/P25035.php : accessed May 4, 2025), "Thomasine Ford (1557-1643)".
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