The temperature on May 1, 1863 was about 10.8 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 60%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
February 7 » HMSOrpheus sinks off the coast of Auckland, New Zealand, killing 189.
April 16 » American Civil War: During the Vicksburg Campaign, gunboats commanded by acting Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter run downriver past Confederate artillery batteries at Vicksburg.
July 19 » American Civil War: Morgan's Raid: At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
July 26 » American Civil War: Morgan's Raid ends; At Salineville, Ohio, Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 360 of his volunteers are captured by Union forces.
October 15 » American Civil War: The H. L. Hunley, the first submarine to sink a ship, sinks, killing its inventor.
October 29 » American Civil War: Battle of Wauhatchie: Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant repel a Confederate attack led by General James Longstreet. Union forces thus open a supply line into Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Day of marriage December 23, 1891
The temperature on December 23, 1891 was about -3.1 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 88%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 21, 1888 to August 21, 1891 the cabinet Mackay, with Mr. A. baron Mackay (AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from August 21, 1891 to May 9, 1894 the cabinet Van Tienhoven, with Mr. G. van Tienhoven (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
February 15 » Allmänna Idrottsklubben (AIK) (Swedish Sports Club) is founded.
March 3 » Shoshone National Forest is established as the first national forest in the US and world.
March 10 » Almon Strowger patents the Strowger switch, a device which led to the automation of telephone circuit switching.
May 15 » Pope Leo XIII defends workers' rights and property rights in the encyclical Rerum novarum, the beginning of modern Catholic social teaching.
May 20 » History of cinema: The first public display of Thomas Edison's prototype kinetoscope.
December 22 » Asteroid 323 Brucia becomes the first asteroid discovered using photography.
Day of death February 8, 1943
The temperature on February 8, 1943 was between -2.0 °C and 5.5 °C and averaged 1.5 °C. There was 3.9 hours of sunshine (41%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
March 4 » World War II: The Battle of Fardykambos, one of the first major battles between the Greek Resistance and the occupying Royal Italian Army, begins. It ends on 6 March with the surrender of an entire Italian battalion and the liberation of the town of Grevena.
April 13 » The Jefferson Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C., on the 200th anniversary of President Thomas Jefferson's birth.
May 13 » World War II: Operations Vulcan and Strike force the surrender of the last Axis troops in Tunisia.
August 17 » World War II: First Québec Conference of Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and William Lyon Mackenzie King begins.
September 30 » The United States Merchant Marine Academy is dedicated by President Roosevelt.
October 14 » World War II: Prisoners at the Sobibór extermination camp in Poland revolt against the Germans.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Roelf Schrik, "Family tree Keizer", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/keizer-stamboom/I359.php : accessed February 2, 2026), "Pina (Piena - Breina) Leydesdorff (1863-1943)".
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