The temperature on July 5, 1831 was about 23.0 °C. Wind direction mainly west-southwest. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
April 18 » The University of Alabama is founded in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
July 4 » Samuel Francis Smith writes "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" for the Boston, Massachusetts July 4 festivities.
July 13 » Regulamentul Organic, a quasi-constitutional organic law is adopted in Wallachia, one of the two Danubian Principalities that were to become the basis of Romania.
October 9 » Ioannis Kapodistrias, the first head of state of independent Greece, is assassinated.
November 5 » Nat Turner, American slave leader, is tried, convicted, and sentenced to death in Virginia.
November 17 » Ecuador and Venezuela are separated from Gran Colombia.
Day of marriage July 5, 1862
The temperature on July 5, 1862 was about 15.8 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 93%. Source: KNMI
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
March 7 » American Civil War: Union forces engage Confederate troops at the Pea Ridge in northwestern Arkansas.
March 28 » American Civil War: In the Battle of Glorieta Pass, Union forces stop the Confederate invasion of the New Mexico Territory. The battle began on March 26.
July 1 » Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, second daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Louis of Hesse, the future Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse.
July 15 » The CSS Arkansas, the most effective ironclad on the Mississippi River, battles with Union ships commanded by Admiral David Farragut, severely damaging three ships and sustaining heavy damage herself. The encounter changed the complexion of warfare on the Mississippi and helped to reverse Rebel fortunes on the river in the summer of 1862.
September 2 » American Civil War: United States President Abraham Lincoln reluctantly restores Union General George B. McClellan to full command after General John Pope's disastrous defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run.
November 5 » American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln removes George B. McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac.
Day of death October 31, 1910
The temperature on October 31, 1910 was between 6.0 °C and 8.9 °C and averaged 8.1 °C. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north. Source: KNMI
March 1 » The deadliest avalanche in United States history buries a Great Northern Railway train in northeastern King County, Washington, killing 96 people.
March 3 » Rockefeller Foundation: John D. Rockefeller Jr. announces his retirement from managing his businesses so that he can devote all his time to philanthropy.
May 11 » An act of the U.S. Congress establishes Glacier National Park in Montana.
July 4 » The Johnson–Jeffries riots occur after African-American boxer Jack Johnson knocks out white boxer Jim Jeffries in the 15th round. Between 11 and 26 people are killed and hundreds more injured.
November 7 » The first air freight shipment (from Dayton, Ohio, to Columbus, Ohio) is undertaken by the Wright brothers and department store owner Max Moorehouse.
December 3 » Modern neon lighting is first demonstrated by Georges Claude at the Paris Motor Show.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Gert Jonker, "Family tree Jonker", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/jonker_stamboom/I9923.php : accessed January 31, 2026), "Nanne Ruurds Kuipers (1831-1910)".
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