The temperature on December 20, 1857 was about 5.6 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 18 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 94%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
January 9 » The 7.9 Mw Fort Tejon earthquake shakes Central and Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).
January 24 » The University of Calcutta is formally founded as the first fully fledged university in South Asia.
May 26 » Dred Scott is emancipated by the Blow family, his original owners.
June 1 » Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal is published.
September 11 » The Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah.
September 12 » The SSCentral America sinks about 160 miles east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, drowning a total of 426 passengers and crew, including Captain William Lewis Herndon. The ship was carrying 13–15 tons of gold from the California Gold Rush.
Day of marriage April 16, 1890
The temperature on April 16, 1890 was about 11.5 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 75%. Source: KNMI
January 22 » The United Mine Workers of America is founded in Columbus, Ohio.
August 7 » Anna Månsdotter became the last woman to be executed in Sweden for the 1889 Yngsjö murder.
October 1 » Yosemite National Park is established by the U.S. Congress.
October 12 » Uddevalla Suffrage Association is formed.
November 4 » City and South London Railway: London's first deep-level tube railway opens between King William Street and Stockwell.
December 15 » Hunkpapa Lakota leader Sitting Bull is killed on Standing Rock Indian Reservation, leading to the Wounded Knee Massacre.
Day of death January 18, 1937
The temperature on January 18, 1937 was between 0.4 °C and 6.3 °C and averaged 2.9 °C. There was 9.1 mm of rain during 7.0 hours. The average windspeed was 5 Bft (very strong wind) and was prevailing from the south east. Source: KNMI
January 23 » The trial of the anti-Soviet Trotskyist center sees seventeen mid-level Communists accused of sympathizing with Leon Trotsky and plotting to overthrow Joseph Stalin's regime.
February 11 » The Flint sit-down strike ends when General Motors recognizes the United Auto Workers trade union.
February 19 » Yekatit 12: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace (the former Imperial residence) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, two Ethiopian nationalists of Eritrean origin attempt to kill viceroy Rodolfo Graziani with a number of grenades.
July 24 » Alabama drops rape charges against the "Scottsboro Boys".
September 5 » Spanish Civil War: Llanes falls to the Nationalists following a one-day siege.
December 16 » Theodore Cole and Ralph Roe attempt to escape from the American federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay; neither is ever seen again.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Tijs van den Brink, "Parentele of Jan Thonis", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/jan-thonis/I55217.php : accessed February 23, 2026), "Heimen Top (1857-1937)".
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