The temperature on March 28, 1843 was about 1.0 °C. Wind direction mainly northeast. Weather type: helder. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
May 18 » The Disruption in Edinburgh of the Free Church of Scotland from the Church of Scotland.
July 19 » Brunel's steamship the SSGreat Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull and screw propeller, becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.
August 15 » Tivoli Gardens, one of the oldest still intact amusement parks in the world, opens in Copenhagen, Denmark.
September 3 » King Otto of Greece is forced to grant a constitution following an uprising in Athens.
October 16 » William Rowan Hamilton invents quaternions, a three-dimensional system of complex numbers.
October 30 » Fuerte Bulnes, the first Chilean settlement in the strait of Magellan, is founded.
Day of marriage April 23, 1868
The temperature on April 23, 1868 was about 14.1 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 25 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 68%. Source: KNMI
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
February 2 » Pro-Imperial forces captured Osaka Castle from the Tokugawa shogunate and burned it to the ground.
March 23 » The University of California is founded in Oakland, California when the Organic Act is signed into law.
June 23 » Christopher Latham Sholes received a patent for an invention he called the "Type-Writer".
August 18 » French astronomer Pierre Janssen discovers helium.
November 4 » Camagüey, Cuba, revolts against Spain during the Ten Years' War.
December 11 » Paraguayan War: Brazilian troops defeat Paraguayan at the Battle of Avay.
Day of death April 21, 1914
The temperature on April 21, 1914 was between 3.5 °C and 24.6 °C and averaged 15.2 °C. There was 10.4 hours of sunshine (73%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the east-northeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
March 1 » The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.
June 12 » Massacre of Phocaea: Turkish irregulars slaughter 50 to 100 Greeks and expel thousands of others in an ethnic cleansing operation in the Ottoman Empire.
August 1 » The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire at the opening of World War I. The Swiss Army mobilizes because of World War I.
August 9 » Start of the Battle of Mulhouse, part of a French attempt to recover the province of Alsace and the first French offensive of World War I.
August 29 » World War I: Start of the Battle of St. Quentin in which the French Fifth Army counter-attacked the invading Germans at Saint-Quentin, Aisne.
September 1 » The last known passenger pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in captivity in the Cincinnati Zoo.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Tijs van den Brink, "Parentele of Jan Thonis", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/jan-thonis/I102301.php : accessed January 8, 2026), "Gerrit van de Pol (1843-1914)".
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