The temperature on October 31, 1865 was about 12.4 °C. There was 0.2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 12 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 72%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 31 » American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief.
March 2 » East Cape War: The Völkner Incident in New Zealand.
April 27 » The New York State Senate creates Cornell University as the state's land grant institution.
May 26 » American Civil War: The Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith, commander of the Confederate Trans-Mississippi division, is the last full general of the Confederate Army to surrender, at Galveston, Texas.
August 12 » Joseph Lister, British surgeon and scientist, performs 1st antiseptic surgery.
December 1 » Shaw University, the first historically black university in the southern United States, is founded in Raleigh, North Carolina.
Day of death July 17, 1944
The temperature on July 17, 1944 was between 8.2 °C and 21.3 °C and averaged 15.3 °C. There was 12.6 hours of sunshine (78%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the north-northeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
January 31 » World War II: American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese-held Marshall Islands.
March 30 » World War II: Allied bombers conduct their most severe bombing run on Sofia, Bulgaria.
June 5 » World War II: More than 1,000 British bombers drop 5,000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the Normandy coast in preparation for D-Day.
August 10 » World War II: The Battle of Guam comes to an effective end.
September 19 » World War II: The Moscow Armistice between Finland and the Soviet Union is signed.
October 21 » World War II: The city of Aachen falls to American forces after three weeks of fighting, making it the first German city to fall to the Allies.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Harriet Jacobs, "Family tree Jacobs", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/jacobs_stamboom/I501767.php : accessed January 30, 2026), "Johanna Maria van der SOMMEN (1865-1944)".
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