Harrower Family Tree » King Edward I (1239-1307)

Personal data King Edward I 

• Alternative names: Edward Longshanks (also known as / alias), Hammer of the Scots (also known as / alias)
• He was born on June 17, 1239 in Westminster Palace, Westminster, London, England.Source 1

  Attention: Age at marriage (??-??-1254) below 16 years (15).

• Title: King of EnglandSource 1
• (Coronation) on August 19, 1274 in Westminster Abbey, London, England.Source 1
• (King of England) between November 20, 1272 and July 7, 1307 in England.Source 1
• He died on July 7, 1307 in Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, England, he was 68 years old.Source 1
• He is buried on October 27, 1307 in Westminster Abbey, London, England.Source 1
• A child of Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence

Household of King Edward I

(1) He is married to Eleanor of Castile.

They got married in the year 1254 at Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castilla-Leon, Spain, he was 14 years old.Source 2

Child(ren):

1. King Edward  1284-1327 
2. Alphonso  

(2) He is married to Margaret of France.

They got married on September 10, 1299 at Canterbury, Kent, England, he was 60 years old.Source 3

Notes about King Edward I

King Edward I
King of England
Reign 20 November 1272 - 7 July 1307
Coronation 19 August 1274
Predecessor Henry III
Successor Edward II
Born 17/18 June 1239 Palace of Westminster, London, England
Died 7 July 1307 (aged 68) Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, England
Burial 27 October 1307 Westminster Abbey, London, England

Spouse
Eleanor of Castile (m. 1254; died 1290)​
Margaret of France (m. 1299)​

Issue, among others
Henry
Eleanor, Countess of Bar
Joan, Countess of Hertford
Alphonso, Earl of Chester
Margaret, Duchess of Brabant
Mary of Woodstock
Elizabeth, Countess of Hereford
Edward II, King of England
Thomas, Earl of Norfolk
Edmund, Earl of Kent
HousePlantagenet
FatherHenry III of England
MotherEleanor of Provence

Edward I (17/18 June 1239 - 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Latin: Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. Before his accession to the throne, he was commonly referred to as The Lord Edward.[1] The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved from an early age in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War. After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and defeated the baronial leader Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Within two years the rebellion was extinguished and, with England pacified, Edward joined the Ninth Crusade to the Holy Land. He was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died. Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and was crowned at Westminster Abbey.

Edward spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law. Through an extensive legal inquiry, he investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law. Increasingly, however, Edward's attention was drawn towards military affairs. After suppressing a minor rebellion in Wales in 1276-77, Edward responded to a second rebellion in 1282-83 with a full-scale war of conquest. After a successful campaign, he subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the countryside and settled them with English people. Next, his efforts were directed towards the Kingdom of Scotland. Initially invited to arbitrate a succession dispute, Edward claimed feudal suzerainty over Scotland. The war that followed continued after Edward's death, even though the English seemed victorious at several points. Simultaneously, Edward found himself at war with France (a Scottish ally) after King Philip IV of France had confiscated the Duchy of Gascony, which until then had been held in personal union with the Kingdom of England. Although Edward recovered his duchy, this conflict relieved English military pressure against Scotland. At the same time there were problems at home. In the mid-1290s, extensive military campaigns required high levels of taxation, and Edward met with both lay and ecclesiastical opposition. These crises were initially averted, but issues remained unsettled. When the King died in 1307, he left to his son Edward II an ongoing war with Scotland and many financial and political problems.

Edward I was a tall man for his era, at 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m), hence the nickname "Longshanks". He was temperamental, and this, along with his height, made him an intimidating man, and he often instilled fear in his contemporaries. Nevertheless, he held the respect of his subjects for the way he embodied the medieval ideal of kingship, as a soldier, an administrator, and a man of faith. Modern historians are divided on their assessment of Edward: while some have praised him for his contribution to the law and administration, others have criticised him for his uncompromising attitude towards his nobility. Currently, Edward I is credited with many accomplishments during his reign, including restoring royal authority after the reign of Henry III, establishing Parliament as a permanent institution and thereby also a functional system for raising taxes, and reforming the law through statutes. At the same time, he is also often criticised for other actions, such as his brutal conduct towards the Welsh and Scots, and issuing the Edict of Expulsion in 1290, by which the Jews were expelled from England. The Edict remained in effect for the rest of the Middle Ages, and it was over 350 years until it was formally overturned under Oliver Cromwell in 1657.

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Timeline King Edward I

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