January 26 » Battle of Talikota, fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Deccan sultanates, leads to the subjugation, and eventual destruction of the last Hindu kingdom in India, and the consolidation of Islamic rule over much of the Indian subcontinent.
March 1 » The city of Rio de Janeiro is founded.
April 27 » Cebu is established becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.
June 17 » Matsunaga Hisahide assassinates the 13th Ashikaga shōgun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru.
July 29 » The widowed Mary, Queen of Scots marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, Duke of Albany, at Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, Scotland.
August 28 » Pedro Menéndez de Avilés sights land near St. Augustine, Florida and founds the oldest continuously occupied European-established city in the continental United States.
January 4 » English Civil War: The Rump Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial.
February 5 » Charles Stuart, the son of King Charles I, is declared King Charles II of England and Scotland by the Scottish Parliament.
March 11 » The Frondeurs and the French sign the Peace of Rueil.
May 19 » An Act of Parliament declaring England a Commonwealth is passed by the Long Parliament. England would be a republic for the next eleven years.
September 2 » The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro.
September 11 » Siege of Drogheda ends: Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentarian troops take the town and execute its garrison.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Heather Gray, "Gray Genealogy", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/gray-genealogy/P799.php : accessed February 1, 2026), "Lady Joane Whitstone Countess Chastworth (1565-1649)".
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