January 13 » Émile Zola's J'accuse…! exposes the Dreyfus affair.
February 27 » King George I of Greece survives an assassination attempt.
June 27 » The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia.
August 12 » The Hawaiian flag is lowered from ʻIolani Palace in an elaborate annexation ceremony and replaced with the flag of the United States to signify the transfer of sovereignty from the Republic of Hawaii to the United States.
September 2 » Battle of Omdurman: British and Egyptian troops defeat Sudanese tribesmen and establish British dominance in Sudan.
September 10 » Empress Elisabeth of Austria is assassinated by Luigi Lucheni.
Day of death December 13, 1944
The temperature on December 13, 1944 was between -0.1 °C and 6.0 °C and averaged 3.2 °C. There was 1.7 hours of sunshine (22%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the northeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
January 22 » World War II: The Allies commence Operation Shingle, an assault on Anzio and Nettuno, Italy.
January 31 » World War II: American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese-held Marshall Islands.
April 25 » The United Negro College Fund is incorporated.
June 7 » World War II: Battle of Normandy: At Ardenne Abbey, members of the SS Division Hitlerjugend massacre 23 Canadian prisoners of war.
June 20 » World War II: The Battle of the Philippine Sea concludes with a decisive U.S. naval victory. The lopsided naval air battle is also known as the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot".
July 6 » Jackie Robinson refuses to move to the back of a bus, leading to a court-martial.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Tijs van den Brink, "Parentage of Gisbert Jansen Snapper", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/gisbert-jansen-snapper/I40323.php : accessed January 5, 2026), "Albert Ruitenbeek (1898-1944)".
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