April 9 » Eighty Years' War: Spain and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of Antwerp to initiate twelve years of truce.
July 9 » Bohemia is granted freedom of religion through the Letter of Majesty by the Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolf II.
July 25 » The English ship Sea Venture, en route to Virginia, is deliberately driven ashore during a storm at Bermuda to prevent its sinking; the survivors go on to found a new colony there.
August 25 » Galileo Galilei demonstrates his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers.
August 28 » Henry Hudson discovers Delaware Bay.
September 13 » Henry Hudson reaches the river that would later be named after him - the Hudson River.
April 25 » The Chongzhen Emperor, the last Emperor of Ming dynasty China, commits suicide during a peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng.
May 27 » Manchu regent Dorgon defeats rebel leader Li Zicheng of the Shun dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass, allowing the Manchus to enter and conquer the capital city of Beijing.
June 29 » Charles I of England defeats a Parliamentarian detachment at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge.
October 13 » A Swedish–Dutch fleet defeats the Danish fleet at Fehmarn and captures about 1,000 prisoners.
October 27 » Second Battle of Newbury in the English Civil War.
November 8 » The Shunzhi Emperor, the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, is enthroned in Beijing after the collapse of the Ming dynasty as the first Qing emperor to rule over China.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Emily Strasser, "Giles/Müller Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/giles-muller-family-tree/P662.php : accessed May 8, 2025), "John Gordon (1609-1644)".
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