January 4 » English Civil War: The Rump Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial.
February 19 » The Second Battle of Guararapes takes place, effectively ending Dutch colonization efforts in Brazil.
May 19 » An Act of Parliament declaring England a Commonwealth is passed by the Long Parliament. England would be a republic for the next eleven years.
September 2 » The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro.
October 11 » Cromwell's New Model Army Sacks Wexford, killing over 2,000 Irish Confederate troops and 1,500 civilians.
October 19 » New Ross town in Ireland surrenders to Oliver Cromwell.
May 24 » The Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, England, opens as the world's first university museum.
July 16 » Manchu Qing dynasty naval forces under traitorous commander Shi Lang defeat the Kingdom of Tungning in the Battle of Penghu near the Pescadores Islands.
September 11 » Battle of Vienna: Coalition forces, including the famous winged Hussars, led by Polish King John III Sobieski lift the siege laid by Ottoman forces.
September 17 » Antonie van Leeuwenhoek writes a letter to the Royal Society describing "animalcules".
October 3 » Qing dynasty naval commander Shi Lang receives the surrender of the Tungning kingdom on Taiwan after the Battle of Penghu.
November 1 » The British Crown colony of New York is subdivided into 12 counties.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Duane Thrutchley, "Genealogy Thrutchley/Anderson/Fitzgerel/Cox/Staley", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogy-thrutchley-anderson-fitzgerel-cox-staley/I282046074299.php : accessed June 5, 2024), "Hedwig Sophia Princess of Brandenburg (1623-1683)".
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