Genealogy Thrutchley/Anderson/Fitzgerel/Cox/Staley » Friedrich III Holy Roman Emperor (1415-1493)

Personal data Friedrich III Holy Roman Emperor 

• Alternative names: Friedrich van Oostenrijk III, Frederick III Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick III (Frederick III ) Habsburg Iii, Friedrich III, Friedrich V van OOSTENRIJK III, Frederik van Habsburg Aartshertog van Oostenrijk Keizer van Het H. Roomse Rijk, Fredrik van Habsburg III
• He was born on September 21, 1415 in Innsbruck, Tirol, Oostenrijk.Sources 1, 2, 3, 5

  Attention: Was younger than 16 years (14) when child (Alphonse Portugal) was born (January 15, 1430).

• Alternative: He was born on September 21, 1415 in Innsbruck, Tyrol in western Austria.Source 6
• Alternative: He was born in Innsbruck, Innsbruck Stadt, Tyrol (Tirol), Austria.
• Alternative: He was born on September 21, 1415 in Innsbruck, Innsbruck-Stadt, Tyrol, Austria.
• Alternative: He was born in the year 1415 in Innsbruck, Innsbruck Stadt, Tyrol (Tirol), Austria.
• Alternative: He was born on September 21, 1415 in Tirol.
• He died on August 18, 1493 in Linz, Linz Stadt, Upper Austria (Oberösterreich), Austria, he was 77 years old.
• Alternative: He died on August 19, 1493 in Linz, Oberösterreich, Österreich, he was 77 years old.Sources 1, 2, 3, 5
• Alternative: He died on August 19, 1493 in Linz, Upper Austria, he was 77 years old.Source 6
• Alternative: He died on August 19, 1493 in Linz, Oberoesterreich, Austria, he was 77 years old.
• Alternative: He died on August 19, 1493 in Linz, Oberösterreich, he was 77 years old.
• He is buried in Batalha, Batalha Municipality, Leiria, Portugal.Source 3
• Alternative: He is buried in Vienna, Wien Stadt, Vienna (Wien), Austria.
• A child of Ernst I Ironside of Austria and Cymburgis of Masovia

Household of Friedrich III Holy Roman Emperor

He is married to Eleanor of Portugal Empress of the Holy Roman Empire.

They got married DATE UNK.

Child(ren):

1. Alphonse Portugal  1430-1439
2. Edward Portugal  1435-1435
3. Christopher Archduke Austria  1455-1456
4. Ferdinand  1458-????
5. Maxmilian I Emperor of the HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE  1459-1519 
6. Philip  1459-1506
7. Helene Eleonore Archduchess  1460-????
8. Kunigunde van Oostenrijk  1465-1520
9. Johann Archduke von Habsburg  1466-1467

Notes about Friedrich III Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick III, Holy Roman EmperorFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to navigationJump to searchFrederick IIIArchduke of Austria Portrait by Hans Burgkmair, c. 1500Holy Roman EmperorReign19 March 1452 – 19 August 1493Coronation19 March 1452PredecessorSigismundSuccessorMaximilian IKing of the RomansReign2 February 1440 – 19 August 1493Coronation17 June 1442PredecessorAlbert IISuccessorMaximilian IBorn(1415-09-21)21 September 1415
Innsbruck, TyrolDied19 August 1493(1493-08-19) (aged 77)
Linz, AustriaBurialSt. Stephen's Cathedral, ViennaSpouseEleanor of PortugalIssue
among others...· Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
· Kunigunde, Duchess of Bavaria
HouseHabsburgFatherErnest the IronMotherCymburgis of MasoviaReligionRoman CatholicismFrederick III (21 September 1415 – 19 August 1493) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1452 until his death. He was the first emperor of the House of Habsburg, and the second member of the House of Habsburg to be elected to King of Germany after Rudolph I of Germany in the 13th century. He was the penultimate emperor to be crowned by the Pope, and the last to be crowned in Rome.
Prior to his imperial coronation, he was duke of the Inner Austrian lands of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola from 1424, and also acted as regent over the Duchy of Austria (as Frederick V) from 1439. He was elected and crowned King of Germany (as Frederick IV) in 1440.[1] He was the longest-reigning German monarch when in 1493, after ruling his domains for more than 53 years, he was succeeded by his son Maximilian I.
During his reign, Frederick concentrated on re-uniting the Habsburg "hereditary lands" of Austria and took a lesser interest in Imperial affairs. Nevertheless, by his dynastic entitlement to Hungary as well as by the Burgundian inheritance, he laid the foundations for the later Habsburg Empire. Mocked as "Arch-Sleepyhead of the Holy Roman Empire" (German: Erzschlafmütze) during his lifetime,[2] he is today increasingly seen as an efficient ruler.
Contents· 1Early life
· 2Personality
· 3Emperor
· 4Marriage and children
· 5Death
· 6Heraldry
· 7Ancestry
· 8Notes
· 9Sources
· 10External links
Early life[edit]Born at the Tyrolean residence of Innsbruck in 1415, Frederick was the eldest son of the Inner Austrian duke Ernest the Iron, a member of the Leopoldian line of the Habsburg dynasty, and his second wife Cymburgis of Masovia. According to the 1379 Treaty of Neuberg, the Leopoldinian branch ruled over the duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, or what was referred to as Inner Austria. Only three of Frederick's eight siblings survived childhood: his younger brother Albert (later to be Albert VI, archduke of Austria), and his sisters Margaret (later the electress of Saxony) and Catherine. In 1424, nine-year-old Frederick's father died, making Frederick the duke of Inner Austria, as Frederick V, with his uncle, Duke Frederick IV of Tyrol, acting as regent.
From 1431, Frederick tried to obtain majority (to be declared "of age", and thus allowed to rule) but for several years was denied by his relatives. Finally, in 1435, Albert V, duke of Austria (later Albert II, the king of Germany), awarded him the rule over his Inner Austrian heritage. Almost from the beginning, Frederick's younger brother Albert asserted his rights as a co-ruler, as the beginning of a long rivalry. Already in these years, Frederick had begun to use the symbolic A.E.I.O.U. signature as a kind of motto with various meanings. In 1436 he made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, accompanied by numerous nobles knighted by the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, which earned him great reputation.
Upon the death of his uncle Duke Frederick IV in 1439, Frederick took over the regency of Tyrol and Further Austria for the duke's heir Sigismund. Again he had to ward off the claims raised by his brother Albert VI; he prevailed by the support of the Tyrolean aristocracy. Likewise he acted as regent for his nephew Ladislaus the Posthumous, son of late King Albert II and his consort Elizabeth of Luxembourg, in the duchy of Austria (Further Austria). (Ladislaus would unfortunately die before coming of age). Frederick was now the undisputed head of the Habsburg dynasty, though his regency in the lands of the Albertinian Line (Further Austria) was still viewed with suspicion.
As a cousin of late King Albert II, Frederick became a candidate for the imperial election. On 2 February 1440, the prince-electors convened at Frankfurt and unanimously elected him King of the Romans as Frederick IV; his rule was still based on his hereditary lands of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, or Inner Austria.
In 1442, Frederick allied himself with Rudolf Stüssi, burgomaster of Zurich, against the Old Swiss Confederacy in the Old Zurich War (Alter Zürichkrieg) but lost. In 1448, he entered into the Concordat of Vienna with the Holy See, which remained in force until 1806 and regulated the relationship between the Habsburgs and the Holy See.
In 1452, at the age of 37, Frederick III travelled to Italy to receive his bride and to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor. His fiancée, the 18-year-old infanta Eleanor, daughter of King Edward of Portugal, landed at Livorno (Leghorn) after a 104-day trip. Her dowry would help Frederick alleviate his debts and cement his power. The couple met at Siena on 24 February and proceeded together to Rome. As per tradition, they spent a night outside the walls of Rome before entering the city on 9 March, where Frederick and Pope Nicholas V exchanged friendly greetings. Because the emperor had been unable to retrieve the Iron Crown of Lombardy from the cathedral of Monza where it was kept, nor be crowned King of Italy by the archbishop of Milan (on account of Frederick's dispute with Francesco Sforza, lord of Milan), he convinced the pope to crown him as such with the German crown, which had been brought for the purpose. This coronation took place on the morning of 16 March, in spite of the protests of the Milanese ambassadors, and in the afternoon Frederick and Eleanor were married by the pope. Finally, on 19 March, Frederick and Eleanor were anointed in St Peter's Basilica by the Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Francesco Condulmer, and Frederick was then crowned with the Imperial Crown by the pope.[3] Frederick was the last Emperor to be crowned in Rome; his great-grandson Charles V was the last emperor to be crowned, but this was done in Bologna.
Personality[edit] Monogram of Frederick IIIFrederick's style of rulership was marked by hesitation and a sluggish pace of decision making. The Italian humanist Enea Silvio Piccolomini, later Pope Pius II, who at one time worked at Frederick's court, described the Emperor as a person who wanted to conquer the world while remaining seated. Although this was regarded as a character flaw in older academic research, his delaying tactics are now viewed as a means of coping with political challenges in far-flung territorial possessions. Frederick is credited with having the ability to sit out difficult political situations patiently.[4]
According to contemporary accounts, Frederick had difficulties developing emotional closeness to other persons, including his children and wife Eleanor. In general, Frederick kept himself away from women, the reasons for which are not known. As Frederick was rather distant to his family, Eleanor had a great influence on the raising and education of Frederick's children, and she therefore played an important role in the House of Habsburg's rise to prominence. Despite the fact that their marriage had been unhappy, when Eleanor died the Emperor was affected by her loss and remained widowed for the rest of his long life.[4]
Emperor[edit]This section needs expansion with: material on activities from 1475 to 1493. You can help by adding to it. (September 2017) Detail of Aeneas Piccolomini introduces Eleonora of Portugal to Frederick III by Pinturicchio (1454–1513)Frederick's political initiatives were hardly bold, but they were still successful. His first major opponent was his brother Albert VI, who challenged his rule. He did not manage to win a single conflict on the battlefield against him, and thus resorted to more subtle means. He held his second cousin once removed Ladislaus the Posthumous, the ruler of the Archduchy of Austria, Hungary and Bohemia, (born in 1440) as a prisoner and attempted to extend his guardianship over him in perpetuity to maintain his control over Lower Austria. Ladislaus was freed in 1452 by the Lower Austrian estates. He acted similarly towards his first cousin Sigismund of the Tyrolian line of the Habsburg family. Despite those efforts, he failed to gain control over Hungary and Bohemia in the Bohemian–Hungarian War (1468–78) and was even defeated in the Austrian–Hungarian War (1477–88) by the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus in 1485, who managed to maintain residence in Vienna until his death five years later in the Siege of Vienna.
Ultimately, Frederick prevailed in all those conflicts by outliving his opponents and sometimes inheriting their lands, as was the case with Ladislaus, from whom he gained Lower Austria in 1457, and with his brother Albert VI, whom he succeeded in Upper Austria. In 1462, his brother Albert raised an insurrection against him in Vienna and the emperor was besieged in his residence by rebellious subjects. In this war between the brothers, Frederick received support from the King of Bohemia, George of Poděbrady. These conflicts forced him into an anachronistic itinerant existence, as he had to move his court between various places through the years, residing in Graz, Linz and Wiener Neustadt.[5] Wiener Neustadt owes him its castle and the "New Monastery".
Frederick III meeting with Charles the BoldStill, in some ways his policies were astonishingly successful. In the Siege of Neuss (1474–75), he forced Charles the Bold of Burgundy to give up his daughter Mary of Burgundy as wife to Frederick's son Maximilian. With the inheritance of Burgundy, the House of Habsburg began to rise to predominance in Europe. This gave rise to the saying "Let others wage wars, but you, happy Austria, shall marry", which became a motto of the dynasty.
The marriage of his daughter Kunigunde to Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria, was another result of intrigues and deception, but must be counted as a defeat for Frederick. Albert illegally took control of some imperial fiefs and then asked to marry Kunigunde (who lived in Innsbruck, far from her father), offering to give her the fiefs as a dower. Frederick agreed at first, but after Albert took over yet another fief, Regensburg, Frederick withdrew his consent. On 2 January 1487, however, before Frederick's change of heart could be communicated to his daughter, Kunigunde married Albert. A war was prevented only through the mediation of the Emperor's son, Maximilian.
In some smaller matters, Frederick was quite successful: in 1469 he managed to establish bishoprics in Vienna and Wiener Neustadt, a step that no previous Duke of Austria had been able to achieve.
Frederick's personal motto was the mysterious string A.E.I.O.U., which he imprinted on all his belongings. He never explained its meaning, leading to many different interpretations being presented, although it has been claimed that shortly before his death he said it stands for Austriae Est Imperare Orbi Universali or Alles Erdreich ist Österreich untertan ("All the world is subject to Austria"). It may well symbolise his own understanding of the historical importance and meaning of his rule and of the early gaining of the Imperial title.[4]
Marriage and children[edit] Frederick III and Eleanor of PortugalFrederick had five children from his marriage with Eleanor of Portugal:
· Christoph (1455–1456)
· Maximilian (1459–1519), Holy Roman Emperor, married
· 1477 Mary of Burgundy (1457–1482), daughter of Duke of Burgundy Charles the Bold
· 1494 Bianca Maria Sforza (1472–1510), daughter of Duke of Milan Galeazzo Maria Sforza
· Helene (1460–1462)
· Kunigunde (1465–1520), married 1487 Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria
· Johannes (1466–1467)
For the last 10 years of Frederick's life, he and Maximilian ruled jointly.
Death[edit] Frederick III's tomb, ViennaFrederick III died in 1493, aged 77, at Linz. His left foot had become gangrenous, and was amputated. He survived this procedure, but continued infection prompted amputation of his left leg, after which he was said to have bled to death.
His grave, built by Nikolaus Gerhaert von Leyden, in St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, is one of the most important works of sculptural art of the late Middle Ages. (His amputated leg was buried with him.) The heavily adorned tomb was not completed until 1513, two decades after Frederick's death, and has survived in its original condition.[6]

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Timeline Friedrich III Holy Roman Emperor

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