The temperature on May 7, 1857 was about 7.0 °C. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The atmospheric humidity was 77%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
March 23 » Elisha Otis's first elevator is installed at 488 Broadway New York City.
May 26 » Dred Scott is emancipated by the Blow family, his original owners.
September 7 » Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers slaughter most members of peaceful, emigrant wagon train.
September 12 » The SSCentral America sinks about 160 miles east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, drowning a total of 426 passengers and crew, including Captain William Lewis Herndon. The ship was carrying 13–15 tons of gold from the California Gold Rush.
November 16 » Second relief of Lucknow: Twenty-four Victoria Crosses are awarded, the most in a single day.
December 31 » Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa, then a small logging town, as the capital of the Province of Canada.
Day of marriage November 16, 1877
The temperature on November 16, 1877 was about 8.5 °C. There was 0.3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 4 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 97%. Source: KNMI
From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
February 20 » Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake receives its premiere at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow.
June 15 » Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy.
July 9 » The inaugural Wimbledon Championships begins.
July 21 » After rioting by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of nine rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia.
September 5 » American Indian Wars: Oglala Sioux chief Crazy Horse is bayoneted by a United States soldier after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska.
November 29 » Thomas Edison demonstrates his phonograph for the first time.
Day of death November 4, 1927
The temperature on November 4, 1927 was between 10.5 °C and 14.1 °C and averaged 11.8 °C. There was 0.7 hours of sunshine (7%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west-southwest. Source: KNMI
April 7 » The first long-distance public television broadcast (from Washington, D.C., to New York City, displaying the image of Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover).
April 19 » Mae West is sentenced to ten days in jail for obscenity for her play Sex.
April 27 » Carabineros de Chile (Chilean national police force and gendarmerie) are created.
July 24 » The Menin Gate war memorial is unveiled at Ypres.
September 22 » Jack Dempsey loses the "Long Count" boxing match to Gene Tunney.
October 6 » Opening of The Jazz Singer, the first prominent "talkie" movie.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Sim Mostert, "Genealogy Pot en Smit", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogie_pot_smit/I2725.php : accessed October 5, 2026), "HENDRIK ZWARTBOL (1857-1927)".
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