Genealogy Wylie » Robert II Stewart King of Scotland (-1390)

Sources

1. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 252-32
2. Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Lt, I:310-11
3. Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999, 41-7, 41c-7, 41d-7, 41h-7, 43-7, 43e-7
4. Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999, 41-7
5. Wikipedia, via http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_o..., October 23, 2008

   Robert II of Scotland
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   Robert II
   King of Scots (more...)
   
   Reign 1371 – April 19, 1390
   Coronation March 1371
   Predecessor David II
   Successor Robert III
   Consort Elizabeth Mure
   Euphemia de Ross
   among othersIssue
   Robert III
   Robert, 1st Duke of Albany
   Alexander, 1st earl of Buchan
   David, 1st Earl of Caithness
   Walter, 1st Earl of Atholl
   Thomas Stewart
   Royal house Stewart
   Father Walter Stewart
   Mother Marjorie Bruce
   Born March 2, 1316(1316-03-02)
   
   Died April 19, 1390 (aged 74)
   Dundonald
   Burial Scone Abbey
   
   Robert the warrior and knight: the reverse side of Robert II's Great Seal, enhanced as a 19th century steel engraving.
   Robert II and his wife, Euphemia de Ross, depicted in the Forman Armorial produced in 1562 for their descendant, Mary of Scotland.Robert II (March 2, 1316 – April 19, 1390), was King of Scots from 1371 until his death. He was also the High Steward of Scotland and the first king from the House of Stewart. As king he commissioned works of poetry by John Barbour, including The Brus, which gave accounts of national history in one of the country's principal vernacular languages, Scots.
   
   Robert was the sole son of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (d. 1326) and Marjorie Bruce, daughter of King Robert I of Scotland and his first wife Isabella of Mar. He was delivered by caesarean section, reputedly at Paisley Abbey. His mother, who had been thrown from a horse, survived his birth by some hours at most.
   
   In 1318 the Parliament of Scotland decreed that if King Robert died without sons the crown should pass to Marjorie's son; but the birth of a son afterwards, King David II, to Bruce in 1324 postponed the accession of Robert for nearly forty-two years. Soon after the infant David became king in 1329, the Steward began to take a prominent part in the affairs of Scotland. He was one of the leaders of the Scottish army at the Battle of Halidon Hill in July 1333; and after gaining some successes over the adherents of Edward Balliol in the west of Scotland, he and John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray (d. 1346), were chosen as regents of the kingdom, while David sought safety in France.
   
   The regents soon quarrelled; then Randolph fell into the hands of the English and Robert became sole regent, meeting with such success in his efforts to restore the royal authority that the king was able to return to Scotland in 1341. Having handed over the duties of government to David, the Steward escaped from the Battle of Neville's Cross in 1346, and was again chosen regent while the king was a captive in England. Soon after this event some friction arose between Robert and his royal uncle. Accused, probably without truth, of desertion at Neville's Cross, the Steward as heir-presumptive was greatly chagrined by the king's proposal to make Edward III of England, or one of his sons, the heir to the Scottish throne, and by David's marriage with Margaret Logie.
   
   In 1363 he rose in rebellion, and after having made his submission was seized and imprisoned together with four of his sons, being only released a short time before David's death in February 1371. By the terms of the decree of 1318 Robert now succeeded to the throne, and was crowned at Scone, Perthshire in March 1371. He was not a particularly active king. Some steps were taken by the nobles to control the royal authority. In 1378 a war broke out with England; but the king took no part in the fighting, which included the burning of Edinburgh and the Scottish victory at the Battle of Otterburn in 1388.
   
   As age and infirmity were telling upon him, and in 1389 the Parliament appointed his second surviving son Robert, Earl of Fife, afterwards Duke of Albany, guardian of the kingdom. The king died at Dundonald in 1390, and was buried at Scone.
   
   Contents [hide]
   1 Marriages and issue
   2 References
   2.1 Primary
   2.2 Secondary
   
   
   
   [edit] Marriages and issue
   His first wife was Elizabeth Mure, by her he had at least ten children:
   
   King Robert III of Scotland (d. 1406), originally called John
   Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany (1339–1420)
   Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan, and Lord of Badenoch, "the Wolf of Badenoch" (1343–1405)
   Margaret Stewart, married John of Islay, Lord of the Isles
   Walter Stewart (d. 1362), married Isabella, Countess of Fife
   Marjory Stewart, married first John Dunbar, 5th Earl of Moray, second Alexander Keith
   Johanna Stewart, married in 1373 Sir John Keith, in 1379 Sir John Lyon, in 1384 Sir James Sandilands
   Johanna is the ancestor of the Queen Mother, Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, through her second husband John Lyon, 1st Thane of Glamis
   
   Isabella Stewart, married first James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas, married second David Edmondstone
   Katherine Stewart, married Sir Robert Logan of Grugar, later also of Restalrig, Lord High Admiral of Scotland
   Elizabeth Stewart, married Sir Thomas Hay, Lord High Constable of Scotland
   By his second wife, Euphemia de Ross, daughter of Aodh, Earl of Ross, and widow of the 3rd Earl of Moray, formerly his colleague as regent, he had five children:
   
   David Stewart, 1st Earl of Caithness (d. bef. 1389)
   Walter Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl (d. 1437)
   Margaret Stewart
   Elizabeth Stewart, married 1380 David Lindsay, 1st Earl of Crawford
   Egidia Stewart, married 1387 Sir William Douglas of Nithsdale
   The confusion about the circumstances of his first marriage would later lead to conflict amongst the descendants of his first marriage (which included James I of Scotland) and the unquestionably legitimate descendants of his second marriage.
   
   Robert had also eight illegitimate children: By Moira Leitch:
   
   John Stewart of Bute, Sheriff of Bute, "the Black Stewart"
   By Marion Cardny:
   
   Alexander Stewart, Canon of Glasgow
   John Stewart of Dundonald, "the Red Stewart"
   James Stewart of Kinfauns
   Walter Stewart
   John Stewart of Burley, Lord of Burley
   Sir John Stewart of Cairdney
   Sir Alexander Stewart of Inverlunan
   Thomas Stewart, Dean of Dunkeld, Archdeacon and Bishop-elect of St. Andrews
   
   Robert II depicted on his great seal.
   [edit] References
   
   [edit] Primary
   Andrew of Wyntoun, The Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland, edited by D. Laing (Edinburgh, 1872-1879)
   John of Fordun, Scotichronicon, continued by Walter Bower, edited by Thomas Hearne (Oxford, 1722)
   John Major, Historia majoris Britanniae, translated by A Constable (Edinburgh, 1892)
   
   [edit] Secondary
   Tytler, PF, History of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1841-1843).
   Stephen Boardman, 'The Early Stewart Kings: Robert II and Robert III (1371-1406)', East Linton, 1996
   Robert II of Scotland
   House of Stuart
   Born: 1316 Died: 1390
   Regnal titles
   Preceded by
   David II King of Scots
   22 February 1371–14 April 1390 Succeeded by
   Robert III
   Scottish royalty
   Preceded by
   Edward Bruce Heir of Scotland
   as heir presumptive
   1318–5 March 1324 Succeeded by
   David II of Scotland
   Preceded by
   David II of Scotland Heir of Scotland
   as heir presumptive
   7 June 1329–22 February 1371 Succeeded by
   Robert III of Scotland
   Peerage of Scotland
   Preceded by
   Maurice de Moravia
   last held in 1346 Earl of Strathearn
   1357–5 March 1390 Succeeded by
   David Stewart
   [show]v • d • ePictish and Scottish Monarchs
   
   Monarchs of the Picts (traditional) Drest I · Talorc I · Nechtan I · Drest II · Galan · Drest III · Drest IV · Gartnait I · Cailtram · Talorc II · Drest V · Galam Cennalath · Bridei I · Gartnait II · Nechtan II · Cinioch · Gartnait III · Bridei II · Talorc III · Talorgan I · Gartnait IV · Drest VI · Bridei III · Taran · Bridei IV · Nechtan III · Drest VII · Alpín I · Óengus I · Bridei V · Ciniod I · Alpín II · Talorgan II · Drest VIII · Conall · Constantine · Óengus II · Drest IX · Uuen · Uurad · Bridei VI · Ciniod II · Bridei VII · Drest X
   
   
   
   
   
   Monarchs of the Scots (traditional) Kenneth I MacAlpin · Donald I · Constantine I · Áed · Giric · Eochaid · Donald II · Constantine II · Malcolm I · Indulf · Dub · Cuilén · Amlaíb · Kenneth II · Constantine III · Kenneth III · Malcolm II · Duncan I · Macbeth · Lulach · Malcolm III Canmore · Donald III · Duncan II · Donald III · Edgar · Alexander I · David I · Malcolm IV · William I · Alexander II · Alexander III · Margaret (disputed) · First Interregnum · John · Second Interregnum · Robert I · David II · Robert II · Robert III · James I · James II · James III · James IV · James V · Mary I · James VI* · Charles I* · Charles II · The Covenanters · The Protectorate · Charles II* · James VII* · Mary II* · William II* · Anne*
   
   * also monarch of England and Ireland.
   
   [show]v • d • eMormaers or Earls of Strathearn
   
   [Known] Mormaers/Earls from Strathearn line Maol Íosa I · Ferchar · Gille Brigte (Gilbert) · Robert · Maol Íosa II · Maol Íosa III · Maol Íosa IV · Maol Íosa V
   
   Later Earls Maurice de Moravia · Robert Stewart · David Stewart · Euphemia Stewart · Malise Graham · Walter Stewart
   
   
   Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_Scotland"
   Categories: Scottish monarchs | House of Stuart | Medieval Gaels | Earls or mormaers of Strathearn | People from Argyll and Bute | 1316 births | 1390 deaths | People of the Wars of Scottish Independence
   Hidden category: Template computed age

6. Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles Mosley Editor-in-Chief, 1999, 1989
7. Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles Mosley Editor-in-Chief, 1999, 1990

Historical events

• Day of marriage May 2, 1355
• Day of death April 19, 1390

Same birth/death day

• Also died on April 19

About the surname Scotland

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