Genealogy Wylie » Judith Princess of France [ggchCh-Wikibio++] sss (± 846-870)

Personal data Judith Princess of France [ggchCh-Wikibio++] sss 

• She was born about 0846 in France.Sources 4, 5, 6
• She died in the year 0870.Sources 4, 5
• A child of Charles II "The Bald" Holy Roman Emperor and Ermentrude d' Orleans
• This information was last updated on April 22, 2023.

Household of Judith Princess of France [ggchCh-Wikibio++] sss

(1) She is married to Aethelwulf.

They got married in the year 0856 at 1st husband 2nd wife.Source 1

(2) She is married to Aethelbald.

They got married after 0858 at 2nd husband.Source 7

(3) She is married to Baldwin I "Iron Arm" Count of Flanders.

They got married in the year 0862 at 3rd husband.Sources 2, 3, 6, 8

Child(ren):

1. Guinedilda (Widnille) Countess of Flanders  ± 862-???? 
2. Charles of Flanders  > 863-< 870
3. Baldwin II "The Bald" Count of Flanders  ± 865-918 
4. Rudolph (Raoul) Comte of Cambrai  ± 869-896 

Notes about Judith Princess of France [ggchCh-Wikibio++] sss

Charlemagne Descendant many times over!
This Charlemagne descendant is documented here on this one extended family site as either a
8th-9th-10th-11th-12th-13th-14th-15th-16th-17th-18th-19th-20th-21st-22nd-23rd-24th-25th-26th-27th-28th-29th-30th-31st-32nd-33rd-34th-35th-36th-37th-38th-39th-40th-41st-42nd-43rd-44th-45th great grandchild repeatedly so many times uniquely
as to at least be into the triple figures as such a multi-ancestral path descendant of ,
Charlemagne, first Holy Roman Emperor [HRE]---coronation on 25 December 800 in Rome---
with HREs so created and so serving until August 6, 1806, when the Empire was disbanded.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_of_Flanders

Judith of Flanders
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
J
This article is about the wife of King Æthelwulf. For the wife of Tostig Godwinson, see Judith of Flanders (died 1095).
Judith of Flanders
Queen consort of Wessex
Tenure1 October 856 – 13 January 858
858 – 20 December 860
Countess of Flanders
Tenure13 December 862 – c. 870
Bornc.  844
Diedafter 870
SpouseÆthelwulf, King of Wessex
(m. 856; d. 858)
Æthelbald, King of Wessex
(m. 858; d. 860)
Baldwin I, Margrave of Flanders
(m. 861/62)
Issue
more...Baldwin II, Margrave of Flanders
DynastyCarolingian
FatherCharles the Bald
MotherErmentrude of Orléans
Judith of Flanders (circa 843 – circa 870) was a Carolingian princess as the daughter of Charles II, Emperor of the Romans ("Charles the Bald"), who became Queen (consort) of Wessex by two successive marriages and later Margravine (consort) of Flanders.

Contents
1Ancestry and early life
2Queen of Wessex
2.1First marriage and coronation
2.2Controversial second marriage
3Third marriage
3.1Kidnapping or elopement
3.2Excommunication
3.3Reconciliation with her father
3.4Margravine of Flanders
4Legacy
5Issue
6Notes
7Bibliography
8External links
Ancestry and early life

Judith's father, Charles the Bald as Emperor of the Romans
Judith was born around 843 or in early 844 as the eldest child of Charles II, King of West Francia ("Charles the Bald"; 823–877) and his first wife Ermentrude of Orléans (823–869) and was named after her paternal grandmother, Judith of Bavaria, Empress of the Romans (797–843).[1] She was a great-granddaughter of Charlemagne (747–814). Judith had nine younger full siblings and five half-siblings from her father's second marriage, but three of her full siblings and all of her half-siblings were born after she had been married off and left her home for Wessex.

Queen of Wessex
First marriage and coronation
In 855, the widower Æthelwulf, King of Wessex (died 858) made a pilgrimage to Rome with his youngest son Alfred (848/849–899). On the way there, he visited the court of Charles the Bald and negotiated for a marriage with 12-year-old Judith, despite probably being in his mid-fifties and having six children, three or five of them older than Judith. He was looking for an ally as both he and Charles suffered from VIking attacks.[2] Marrying into the prestigious Carolingian dynasty was an additional advantage for Æthelwulf.[3]

A depiction of King Æthelwulf from the 14th century
On the way back, in 856, he stayed at the Charles' court again, and married Judith on 1 October 856 at the royal palace of Verberie-sur-Oise. This was an extraordinary event as Carolingian princesses rarely married and were usually sent to convents. It was practically unprecedented for them to marry foreigners. During the ceremony, which was celebrated by Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims, the bride put on a wedding ring and was presented with magnificent gifts. As a part of the ritual, Judith was crowned and anointed with myrrh. Æthelwulf honoured his bride by calling her queen after the ceremony.[4] According to the customs of Wessex, the wife of a king could not be called queen or sit on the throne with her husband.[5] However, all chroniclers pay attention to the fact that Charles the Bald insisted on the coronation of his daughter,[6][7] probably wishing to secure her position in her new home:[8]

When the Bishop of Rheims, Hincmar, blessed the marriage and placed the crown on her head, he declared her queen, which neither he nor his people had in the past in the custom.

— Annales Bertiniani
Judith, daughter of King Charles, was recently married to Æthelwulf, King of England, accepting the title of queen and royal consecration.

— Flodoard, Annals
After the celebrations, Æthelwulf, his new wife and his son returned to Wessex. Judith, a well-educated lady like most Frankish princesses of the time, probably brought the "aura of the Carolingian monarchy" to the court of Wessex.[9]Back in his kingdom, Æthelwulf faced difficulties: his eldest surviving son, Æthelbald, supported by Eahlstan, Bishop of Sherborne and Eanwulf, Ealdorman of Somerset, were conspiring to dethrone him.[10] The marriage with Judith may have played a role in this as Æthelbald probably feared that his father's young wife, the great-granddaughter of Charlemagne, would give birth to a higher-born heir than himself. In addition, some of the nobles were outraged that Judith was crowned and called queen, contrary to local custom.

According to other explanations, Æthelbald had already been rebelling before his father's new marriage, and this was why Æthelwulf stayed at the court of Charles the Bald and married his daughter, demonstrating to his subjects that he had strong supporters abroad.[3] In the end, father and son negotiated a compromise under which Æthelwulf kept the eastern districts of the kingdom and Æthelbald received the western. It is not known whether this meant that Æthelwulf took Kent and Æthelbald Wessex, or Wessex itself was divided.[6]

Judith had no children from Æthelwulf, who died on 13 January 858.[6]

Controversial second marriage
Æthelwulf, King of the West Saxons, has passed away. His widow, Queen Judith, was married by his son Æthelbald.

— Annales Bertiniani

A depiction of King Æthelbald from the 14th century
Upon the death of Æthelwulf, Æthelbald succeeded him on the throne of Wessex and married his stepmother. By agreeing to this marriage, Judith may have tried to avoid the usual fate of widows, being sent to a convent.[11] To Æthelbald, this marriage was advantageous because of Judith's belonging to the Carolingian dynasty and allowed him to enhance his status, placing him above his brothers.[6] Judith's name appears in several charters during the reign of Æthelbald, which confirms her continued exceptional status. Asser, Bishop of Sherborne condemned the marriage in his Life of Alfred the Great:

Once King Æthelwulf was dead, Æthelbald, his son, against God's prohibition and Christian dignity, and also contrary to the practice of all pagans, took over his father's marriage-bed and married Judith, daughter of Charles, king of the Franks, incurring great disgrace from all who heard of it.[12]

— Asser, Life of Alfred the Great
Asser's additional comment on the "great disgrace" was not reflected in contemporary Frankish records. His assertion that marriage is contrary to even pagan practice is refuted by the marriage of Eadbald, King of Kent (died 640) his father's widow Emma of Austrasia in 616.[6] Judith was still childless when Æthelbald died on 20 December 860, after a reign and marriage of two and a half years.[12]

Third marriage
Kidnapping or elopement

An 1849 depiction of the elopement of Baldwin and Judith by Félix de Vigne
Æthelbald's death left Judith with no future in Wessex. She was still no more than seventeen years old and childless. According to the Annales Bertiniani and Flodoard, she

Baldwin I of Flanders and his wife Judith of France, by Jan van der Asselt, ca. 1372/73. Currently displayed at the Gravenkapel, Kortrijk, Belgium.
sold the property that she had acquired and returned to her father, who sent her to the monastery at Senlis, where she was to remain under his royal protection and episcopal guardianship, with all the honour due to a queen, until such time as, if she could not remain chaste, she might marry in the way the apostle said, that is suitable and legal.[6][13]

— Flodoard
According to the most likely account, a certain Count Baldwin (born probably in the 830s – 879), traditionally regarded as the son of a forester called Odoacre[14] visited the monastery in 861, and according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, he fell in love with Judith.[15] There are claims that he had already been interested in her before her first marriage.[16] Around the Christmas of 861,[17] or in early 862,[6] Judith either fled with Baldwin or was kidnapped by him. According to one contemporary source, Judith was not abducted but eloped with the consent of her brother Louis:[17]

She followed him, changing her way of life, after Count Baldwin harassed her, and this was facilitated by her brother Louis.[4]

— Annales Bertiniani
Flodoard's description is similar:

Judith followed Count Baldwin with the assistance and consent of her brother Louis.

— Flodoard, Annals
The couple probably married in the monastery of Senlis before eloping.[6]

Excommunication
Judith's father was furious because of the kidnapping/elopement.[6] He immediately organised search parties to bring her home and capture Baldwin. Flodoard mentioned a letter from Archbishop Hincmar of Reims to Bishop Hunger of Utrecht in which he informed Hunger of Baldwin's excommunication for kidnapping Judith and marrying her without royal consent.[18] Contemporary chronicles state that in 862 Charles the Bald held a council with the bishops and nobles of his kingdom. According to Hincmar, the king ordered (or, by Flodoard's account, asked) the bishops to pass a canonical verdict on Baldwin and Judith, as commanded by the decrees of Pope Gregory II: “if anyone marries, having kidnapped a widow, let him be anathematized himself, as well as those who contributed to this”.[4] Judith's brother Louis was also punished by imprisonment in the Abbey of Saint Martin.[4]

Meanwhile, Judith and Baldwin sought refuge with the Viking Rorik of Dorestad, King of Friesland (circa 810 – circa 880)[6] and later fled to the court of Judith's paternal cousin Lothair II, King of Lotharingia. Eventually, the travelled Rome in order to plead their case to Pope Nicholas I.[6]

Reconciliation with her father
In Rome, Judith and Baldwin negotiated with the pope. He listened to their arguments and sent his legates Radoald, Bishop of Porto and John, Bishop of Cervia to her father.[4] They asked Charles to recognize the marriage as legally binding and welcome the young couple, but Charles and Archbishop Hincmar were not easy to convince. In a letter dated to 23 November 862, the Pope expressed his fear that Baldwin might had already joined forces with the "Jute prince Rorik". Rorik had already fought against King Charles on the side of his brother Lothair I, then-Emperor of the Romans (795–855). According to Flodoard, in 863

Hincmar, Archbishop of Reims, reminded Hunger [Bishop of Utrecht] that the Norman Rorik could help Baldwin, who had kidnapped the beautiful Judith.

— Flodoard, Annals
According to the later chronicler Albert of Stade, Bishop Hunger turned to Rorik urging him not to provide any support to Baldwin.[18]

A depction of the institution of Baldwin as Margrave of Flanders from circa 1450-1460 by Ægidius of Roya.
Eventually, King Charles the Bald reluctantly forgave the couple and allowed them to marry.[6] They returned to West Francia and were officially married at Auxerre on 13 December 862 or in 863.[4] The king was not present, but gave Baldwin the March of Flanders, making him a peer of the kingdom. Not much later, he also gave him Ternois, Waas and the lay abbacy of Saint Peter in Ghent.

Margravine of Flanders
Some scholars have suggested that the king hoped for Baldwin's early death by giving him land just south of the Scheldt river, a region frequently attacked by the Vikings. Baldwin, however, managed the situation well, successfully quelling the Viking threat, earning the nickname of "Iron"from his contemporaries, which later generations replaced with the nickname "Iron Hand". He expanded both his army and his territory quickly and became a faithful supporter of his father-in-law. His possessions would become known as the County of Flanders, one of the most powerful domains in France.[19]

Baldwin chose a small island in Flanders as his residence, formed at the confluence of the Boterbeke and Roya rivers. There stood a fortress, possibly built by Vikings, surrounded by a small number of huts, named Bruggia. As it was in ruins, Baldwin built a new fortress with a personal residence, a chapel, houses for the servants and a cathedral where the relics of Saint Donatian of Reims were placed. The home of Judith and Baldwin stood where now the Palace of Justice and the Town Hall are, and the cathedral was located on the north side of the current Palace of Justice. It included a mint[19] and was surrounded by a high wall with four gates, fortified with rising lattices and drawbridges. Ruins of buildings still remain, including what probably used to be the baptismal chapel behind the crypt of Saint Basil. There was also a mint in the residence.

Judith had children from her third marriage, at least three sons and maybe two daughters. The exact date of her death is unknown, but it is believed to have happened no earlier than 870.[6] Between 893 and 899, her eldest surviving son Baldwin II, married Ælfthryth, daughter of Alfred the Great, King of the Anglo-Saxons (previously King of Wessex), son of Judith's first husband and brother of the second.[6] If Judith was alive at this time, she probably played an instrumental role in the marriage negotiations due to her knowledge of the Wessex court.[6] Judith's husband Baldwin died in 879 in Arras and was buried in the Abbey of Saint-Bertin near Saint-Omer.[6]

Legacy
Judith's marital history was considered scandalous and a violation of church rules by her contemporaries. In the middle of the 10th century, however, she was described by the compilers of the genealogy of the counts of Flanders as "the wisest and most beautiful", the woman who brought Carolingian blood to the comital dynasty, while her scandalous stories were omitted.[6] The anointing and coronation of Judith as Queen of Wessex allowed to restore the status of the wives of kings and improved their position.[20]

Issue
From her marriage with Baldwin I of Flanders, Judith had at least three sons:[21][22]

Charles (c. 864/865 – died young), named after his maternal grandfather. He was recorded as "Karolus brevis vite" in the list of counts of Flanders in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin.[23] It is usually assumed that Charles died young as no other reference to him has been found.
Baldwin (c. 865/867 – c. 10 September 918), named after his father and succeeded him in 879 as Baldwin II, Margrave of Flanders. He married Ælfthryth of Wessex between 893 and 899.[23]
Ralph (c. 867/870 – murdered 17 June 896), recorded as "Rodolphus Cameracensis comes" in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin.[23] He was installed as Count of Cambrai around 888 and killed by Herbert I of Vermandois.
In addition, two daughters are sometimes to Judith and Baldwin, although both of these accounts should be treated with caution as they are based on unreliable sources:[22]

The mother of Walter. The History of Waulsort Monastery speaks of a "Walterus...Rodulfi sororis filius" (Walter, son of Ralph's sister), recording that he attempted to avenge the death of his maternal uncle Ralph of Cambrai. No other reference to this person has been found and.[24]
Guinidilde or Gunhild (died before 19 February 904), who married Wilfred the Hairy, Count of Barcelona before 27 June 875. According to Allison Weir, this parentage is confirmed in the Gestis Comitum Barcinonensium which records that Charles the Bald gave an unnamed daughter of the count of Flanders in marriage to a certain Pilosi at the same time as granting him the County of Barcelona.[25]
Notes
Nelson 1992, pp. 127, 130.
Enright 1971, pp. 291–292.
Enright 1971, p. 293.
Annales Bertiniani
Stafford 1981, pp. 3–4; Story 2003, pp. 240–242; Biographical Dictionary 1991, p. 210.
Janet L. Nelson, Æthelwulf, Oxford Online Dictionary of National Biography, 2004
Stafford 1981, pp. 3–4; Biographical Dictionary 1991, p. 36.
Ward 2006, p. 120.
Wormald 1982, p. 142.
Biographical Dictionary 1991, p. 18.
Stafford 1978, p. 85.
Simon Keynes and Michael Lapidge eds., Alfred the Great: Asser's Life and Other Contemporary Sources, Penguin 1983 (2004 reprint), p. 73.
Geary 2009, p. 52.
Jacques Paul Migne, Nouvelle encyclopédie théologique, 1854, p. 919.
Baldwin I, Count of Flanders: Encyclopaedia Britannica
Le Glay 1843, pp. 35–40.
Geary 2009, p. 53.
Aleksashin 2016, pp. 30–41.
Gilliat-Smith 1901, pp. 5–20.
Stafford 1981, p. 4.
Sainte-Marie 1726, pp. 713–714; Le Glay 1843, p. 44.
COUNTS of FLANDERS [863]-1128 in: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy (FMG) [retrieved 3 August 2020]
Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, p. 11
Historia Walciodorensis Monasterii 8, Monumenta Germaniae Historica SS XIV, p. 509.
Weir 2011, p. 6.
Bibliography
Asser (2004). Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred and Other Contemporary Sources. Penguin UK. Simon Keynes and Michael Lapidge eds. ISBN 9780141909424.
Antonius Sanderus (1735). Flandria illustrata, sive provinciae ac comitatus hujus descriptio. Comitum, usque ad Carolum VI...series chronologica atque historica... nec non episcoporum, praelatorum... partitiones... hagiologium Flandriae, sive de sanctis ejus Pro. apud Carolum de Vos et Joannem-Baptistam de Vos. p. 27.
Aleksashin S.S. (2016). "К вопросу о христианстве Рорика Фрисляндского" (PDF). Скандинавские чтения 2014 года : этнографические и культурно-исторические аспекты (in Russian). СПб.: МАЭ РАН. РАН. МАЭ им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) ; отв. ред. Т.А. Шрадер [и др.]. pp. 30–41. ISBN 978-5-88431-307-1.
"Baldwin I, count of Flanders" (Encyclopedia Britannica ed.).
Enright M. (1979). "Charles the Bald and Aethelwulf of Wessex: the alliance of 856 and strategies of royal succession". Journal of Medieval History (Journal of Medieval History ed.). 5 (4): 291–302. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(79)90003-4. ISSN 0304-4181.
Freedman P. (1988). "Cowardice, Heroism and the Legendary Origins of Catalonia". Past & Present (Past & Present ed.). 121 (121): 3–28. doi:10.1093/past/121.1.3. JSTOR 650909.
Geary Patrick J. (2009). Women at the Beginning: Origin Myths from the Amazons to the Virgin Mary. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1400827084.
Gilliat-Smith Ernest (1901). The story of Bruges. London : J. M. Den & Co.
Humble, Richard. The Saxon Kings. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1980
Le Glay E. A. J. (1843). Histoire des comtes de Flandre jusqu'à l'avénement de la maison de Bourgogne. A. Vandale. pp. 35–40.
Kirby D. P. (2000). The Earliest English Kings. Psychology Press. ISBN 9780415242103.
Nelson, Janet (1992). Charles the Bald. London, UK: Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-05585-8.
Nelson, Janet. "Æthelwulf (d. 858)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Panton J. (24 February 2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarecrow Press. p. 288. ISBN 9780810874978.
Próspero de Bofarull y Mascaró (1836). Los condes de Barcelona vindicados, y cronología y genealogía delos reyes de España considerados como soberanos independientes de su marca. J. Oliveres y Monmany.
Sainte-Marie A. de (1726). Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France, des pairs, grands officiers de la couronne & de la maison du roy & des anciens barons du royaume ... Vol. II. La Compagnie des libraires.
Stafford P. (1981). "The King's Wife in Wessex 800–1066". Past and Present (Past and Present ed.). 91 (1): 3–27. doi:10.1093/past/91.1.3. ISSN 0031-2746.
Stafford P. (1981). "Charles the Bald, Judith and England". Charles the Bald. Oxford. Gibson, M.; Nelson J,; Ganz, D. pp. 137–151.
Stafford P. (1978). "Sons and Mothers: Family Politics in the Early Middle Ages". Studies in Church History. Subsidia (Studies in Church History Subsidia ed.). 1: 79–100. doi:10.1017/S014304590000034X. ISSN 0143-0459.
Story J. (2003). Carolingian Connections: Anglo-Saxon England and Carolingian Francia, C. 750-870. Ashgate. ISBN 9780754601241.
Ward J. (2006). Women in England in the Middle Ages. A&C Black. ISBN 9781852853464.
Weir A. (2011). Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy. Random House. ISBN 9781446449110.
Williams A., Smyth A. P., Kirby D. P. (1991). A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain: England, Scotland, and Wales, C. 500-c. 1050. Psychology Press. ISBN 9781852640477.
Wormald, Patrick (1982). "The Ninth Century". In Campbell, James (ed.). The Anglo-Saxons. London, UK: Penguin Books. ISBN 9780714821498.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Judith of France.
Judith 1 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
Britannica entry on Judith's third husband, Baldwin I of Flanders
"Annales Bertiniani II part2". Восточная литература (in Russian). Retrieved 2 August 2020.
"Annales Bertiniani II part3". Восточная литература (in Russian). Перевод с лат., комментарии - Фарафонов Ю. В. 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
Flodoard. "История Реймсской церкви". Восточная литература (in Russian). Перевод с лат., комментарии - Дьяконов И. В. 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
"Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Bertin" (in French). France Saint-Bertin (Benedictine Abbey) Saint-Omer, Benjamin Edme Charles Guérard, François Morand: Paris : Impr. de Crapelet. 1840. p. 602.
Categories: 840s birthsCarolingian dynastyAnglo-Saxon royal consortsCountesses of Flanders9th-century English people9th-century English womenFrankish princessesHouse of WessexWomen of the Carolingian EmpireRemarried royal consortsDaughters of emperors

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