Genealogy Wylie » Bernard I King of Italy [gsonCh-Wikibio] (797-818)

Personal data Bernard I King of Italy [gsonCh-Wikibio] 

• He was born in the year 0797 in Vermandois, Aisne, Picardy, France.Sources 8, 9
• (Unknown ) Sep/Dec 0813/0817 in Milan, Milano, Lombardy, Italy: King of Lombardy.Sources 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11
• (Unknown ) Sep/Dec 0813/0817 in Milan, Milano, Lombardy, Italy: King of Italy.Sources 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11
• (Unknown ) on April 12, 818 in Milan, Milano, Lombardy, Italy: Alt. Death.Source 11
• He died on April 17, 818 in St. Ambrosius, Milano, Lombardy, Italy, he was 21 years old.Sources 11, 12

  Oorzaak: Blinded by Louis I

• A child of Pépin I Carloman King of Italy and Ingeltrude (Rothais Chrotais) d' Autun
• This information was last updated on August 8, 2023.

Household of Bernard I King of Italy [gsonCh-Wikibio]

He is married to Cunigonde of Parma.

CHAN23 Jul 2002

They got married about 0817 at Vermandois, Picardie, France.Sources 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12

Child(ren):

1. Pepin Comte de VermandoisCount of Senlis & Peronne & St. Quentin  818-848 
2. Gui de Bayeax  < 825-890

Notes about Bernard I King of Italy [gsonCh-Wikibio]

Other records show death occurred in Aachen, Germany.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bernard

Bernard (left) and Iustitia (right)[1]
King of Italy
Reign810–818
PredecessorPepin Carloman
SuccessorLothair I
Born797
Vermandois, Francia
Died17 April 818 (aged 20–21)[2]
Aachen, Francia
BurialMilan, Lombardy
ConsortCunigunda of Laon
IssuePepin, Count of Vermandois
HouseCarolingian
FatherPepin Carloman
Bernard (797 – 17 April 818) was the King of Italy from 810 to 818. He plotted against his uncle, Emperor Louis the Pious, when the latter's Ordinatio Imperii made Bernard a vassal of his cousin Lothair. When his plot was discovered, Louis had him blinded, a procedure which killed him.

Life
Bernard was born in 797, the son of King Pepin of Italy, himself the son of the Emperor Charlemagne. In 810, Pepin died from an illness contracted at the siege of Venice. Bernard married a woman named Cunigunde, but the year of their marriage, and her origins, are obscure. Some sources refer to her as "of Laon". They had one son, Pepin, Count of Vermandois, who was born in 817.

In 817, Louis the Pious drew the Ordinatio Imperii, detailing the future of the Frankish Empire. Under this, the bulk of the Frankish territory went to Louis' eldest son, Lothair; Bernard received no further territory, and although his kingship of Italy was confirmed, he would be a vassal of Lothair, as he had been to Louis and to Charles.[2] Certain of his counselors, including Count Eggideo, and his chamberlain Reginhard, persuaded Bernard that this arrangement threatened his position. Other names were Reginhar, the last being the grandson of a Thuringian rebel against Charlemagne, and Hardrad. Anshelm, Bishop of Milan and Theodulf, Bishop of Orléans, were also accused of being involved: there is no evidence either to support or contradict this in the case of Theodulf, whilst the case for Anshelm is murkier.[3][4]

Prior to this, Bernard's relationship with his uncle appears to have been cooperative.[2] Bernard's main complaint was the notion of his being a vassal of Lothair. In practical terms, his actual position had not been altered at all by the terms of the decree, and he could safely have continued to rule under such a system. Nonetheless, "partly true" reports came to Louis the Pious that his nephew was planning to set up an 'unlawful'—i.e. independent—regime in Italy.[3]

Louis the Pious reacted swiftly to the plot, marching south to Chalon. Bernard and his associates were taken by surprise; Bernard travelled to Chalon in an attempt to negotiate terms, but he and the ringleaders were forced to surrender to Louis, who had them taken to Aachen where they were tried and condemned to death. Louis 'mercifully' commuted their sentences to blinding, which would neutralize Bernard as a threat without actually killing him; however, the process of blinding (carried out by means of pressing a red-hot stiletto to the eyeballs) proved so traumatic that Bernard died in agony two days after the procedure was carried out. At the same time, Louis also had his half-brothers Drogo, Hugh and Theoderic tonsured and confined to monasteries, to prevent other Carolingian offshoots challenging the main line. He also treated those guilty or suspected of conspiring with Bernard harshly: Theodulf of Orleans was imprisoned, and died soon afterwards; the lay conspirators were blinded, the clerics deposed and imprisoned; all lost lands and honours.[3][4][5]

A text called The Vision of the Poor woman of Laon criticizes Louis for Bernard's death.[6]

Legacy

17th-century commemorative fresco from Bernard's grave in Milan, Italy
His Kingdom of Italy was reabsorbed into the Frankish empire, and soon after bestowed upon Louis' eldest son Lothair. In 822, Louis made a display of public penance at Attigny, where he confessed before all the court to having sinfully slain his nephew; he also welcomed his half-brothers back into his favour. These actions possibly stemmed from guilt over his part in Bernard's death. It has been argued by some historians that his behaviour left him open to clerical domination, and reduced his prestige and respect amongst the Frankish nobility.[3] Others, however, point out that Bernard's plot had been a serious threat to the stability of the kingdom, and the reaction no less a threat; Louis' display of penance, then, "was a well-judged gesture to restore harmony and re-establish his authority."[5]

References
This is the identification of Huber Mordek, followed by Johannes Fried Charlemagne (Harvard University Press, 2016), p. 504. See Ildar Garipzanov, The Symbolic Language of Authority in the Carolingian World (c.751–877) (Brill, 2008), p. 233n.
"Revolt of Bernard of Italy", The Cambridge Medieval History Series volumes 1-5, Plantagenet Publishing
McKitterick, Rosamond, The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians
Riché, Pierre, The Carolingians, p. 148
McKitterick, Rosamond, The New Cambridge History, 700–900
Knechtges, David R. and Vance, Eugene. Rhetoric and the Discourses of Power in Court Culture, University of Washington Press, 2012, ISBN 9780295802367
Bernard of Italy
Carolingian dynasty
Died: 17 April 818
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Pepin Carloman
King of Italy
8 July 810 – 17 April 818
with Charlemagne (810–814)Succeeded by
Lothair I
vte
Kings of Italy between 476 and 1556
vte
Pippinids, Arnulfings and Carolingians
===================================================
Categories: 797 births818 deaths9th-century kings of ItalyHerbertien dynastyMonarchs of the Carolingian EmpireFrankish warriorsMedieval child monarchs
This page was last edited on 30 March 2023, at 18:58 (UTC).
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