March 26 » Utrecht University is founded in the Netherlands.
April 30 » Eighty Years' War: Dutch Republic forces recapture a strategically important fort from Spain after a nine-month siege.
October 4 » Thirty Years' War: The Swedish Army defeats the armies of Saxony and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Wittstock.
October 28 » The Massachusetts Bay Colony votes to establish a theological college, which would later become Harvard University.
December 13 » The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians. This organization is recognized today as the founding of the National Guard of the United States.
January 17 » England's Long Parliament passes the "Vote of No Addresses", breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War.
May 15 » The Peace of Münster is ratified, by which Spain acknowledges Dutch sovereignty.
August 20 » Battle of Lens: French Duc d'Enghien defeats Spaniards
August 28 » The Siege of Colchester ends when Royalists Forces surrender to the Parliamentary Forces after eleven weeks, during the Second English Civil War.
October 24 » The Peace of Westphalia is signed, marking the end of the Thirty Years' War.
December 6 » Colonel Thomas Pride of the New Model Army purges the Long Parliament of MPs sympathetic to King Charles I of England, in order for the King's trial to go ahead; came to be known as "Pride's Purge".
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Rein Wink, "Genealogy Wink en Schmaltz", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogie-wink-en-schmaltz/I54753.php : accessed June 1, 2024), "Mayken Aertsd Hoppel (± 1590-1648)".
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