The temperature on December 25, 1851 was about -0.8 °C. There was 0.3 mm of rain. The atmospheric humidity was 95%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from November 1, 1849 to April 19, 1853 the cabinet Thorbecke I, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
February 6 » The largest Australian bushfires in a populous region in recorded history take place in the state of Victoria.
September 18 » First publication of The New-York Daily Times, which later becomes The New York Times.
October 18 » Herman Melville's Moby-Dick is first published as The Whale by Richard Bentley of London.
November 14 » Moby-Dick, a novel by Herman Melville, is published in the USA.
December 2 » French President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte overthrows the Second Republic.
December 8 » Conservative Santiago-based government troops defeat rebels at the Battle of Loncomilla, signaling the end of the 1851 Chilean Revolution.
Day of marriage September 20, 1878
The temperature on September 20, 1878 was about 13.7 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 3 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 85%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 4 » Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Sofia is liberated from Ottoman rule and designated the capital of Liberated Bulgaria.
January 9 » Umberto I becomes King of Italy.
March 3 » The Russo-Turkish War ends with Bulgaria regaining its independence from the Ottoman Empire according to the Treaty of San Stefano.
October 15 » The Edison Electric Light Company begins operation.
December 18 » The Al-Thani family become the rulers of the state of Qatar.
December 31 » Karl Benz, working in Mannheim, Germany, filed for a patent on his first reliable two-stroke gas engine, and he was granted the patent in 1879.
Day of death February 3, 1920
The temperature on February 3, 1920 was between 2.3 °C and 10.0 °C and averaged 5.4 °C. There was 7.5 hours of sunshine (82%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from September 9, 1918 to September 18, 1922 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck I, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
January 10 » League of Nations Covenant enters into force. On January 16 the organization holds its first council meeting, in Paris.
April 15 » Two security guards are murdered during a robbery in South Braintree, Massachusetts. Anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti would be convicted of and executed for the crime, amid much controversy.
August 18 » The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing women's suffrage.
September 1 » The Fountain of Time opens as a tribute to the 100 years of peace between the United States and Great Britain following the Treaty of Ghent.
November 15 » First assembly of the League of Nations is held in Geneva, Switzerland.
December 3 » Following more than a month of Turkish–Armenian War, the Turkish dictated Treaty of Alexandropol is concluded.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Gerard Velders, "Genealogy Velders", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogie-velders/I5441.php : accessed May 9, 2024), "Emanuel Kupers (1851-1920)".
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