The temperature on March 19, 1857 was about 10.0 °C. The air pressure was 8 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The atmospheric humidity was 62%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
March 6 » The Supreme Court of the United States rules in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case.
March 23 » Elisha Otis's first elevator is installed at 488 Broadway New York City.
May 10 » Indian Rebellion of 1857: In India, the first war of Independence begins. Sepoys mutiny against their commanding officers at Meerut.
May 11 » Indian Rebellion of 1857: Indian rebels seize Delhi from the British.
July 18 » Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war against the French.
August 24 » The Panic of 1857 begins, setting off one of the most severe economic crises in United States history.
Day of marriage April 14, 1893
The temperature on April 14, 1893 was about 5.6 °C. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 79%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 21, 1891 to May 9, 1894 the cabinet Van Tienhoven, with Mr. G. van Tienhoven (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
January 6 » The Washington National Cathedral is chartered by Congress. The charter is signed by President Benjamin Harrison.
January 17 » Lorrin A. Thurston, along with the Citizens' Committee of Public Safety, led the Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the government of Queen Liliʻuokalani.
May 1 » The World's Columbian Exposition opens in Chicago.
August 14 » France becomes the first country to introduce motor vehicle registration.
September 19 » In New Zealand, the Electoral Act of 1893 is consented to by the governor, giving all women in New Zealand the right to vote.
December 23 » The opera Hansel and Gretel by Engelbert Humperdinck is first performed.
Day of death February 7, 1898
The temperature on February 7, 1898 was about 5.3 °C. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 74%. Source: KNMI
January 1 » New York, New York annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York. The four initial boroughs, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and The Bronx, are joined on January 25 by Staten Island to create the modern city of five boroughs.
June 22 » Spanish–American War: In a chaotic operation, 6,000 men of the U.S. Fifth Army Corps begins landing at Daiquirí, Cuba, about 16 miles (26km) east of Santiago de Cuba. Lt. Gen. Arsenio Linares y Pombo of the Spanish Army outnumbers them two-to-one, but does not oppose the landings.
August 23 » The Southern Cross Expedition, the first British venture of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, departs from London.
August 24 » Count Muravyov, Foreign Minister of Russia presents a rescript that convoked the First Hague Peace Conference.
December 10 » Spanish–American War: The Treaty of Paris is signed, officially ending the conflict.
December 18 » Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat sets the first officially recognized land speed record of 39.245mph (63.159km/h) in a Jeantaud electric car.
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The Genealogy Spier publication was prepared by wijlen J. Vomberg (at the request of the family this publication remains available, contact is not possible).
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: wijlen J. Vomberg, "Genealogy Spier", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogie-spier/I64.php : accessed May 3, 2024), "Alida Joel Spier (1857-1898)".
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