Genealogy Richard Remmé, The Hague, Netherlands » George de Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham (1592-1628)

Personal data George de Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham 

• He was born on August 28, 1592.Source 4
• (Alt. Birth) on January 30, 1592: Alt. Birth.

  Leicestershire, England

• (Alt. Death) on August 23, 1628: Alt. Death.

  Assasinated at Portsmouth, England

• (Alt. Death) on August 23, 1628: Alt. Death.Source 5

  Assinated by Felton

• He died on August 23, 1628 in Assinated by Felton. Age 36, he was 35 years old.Source 4

  Oorzaak: Murdered

• A child of George de Villiers and Mary Beaumont
• This information was last updated on December 4, 2022.

Household of George de Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham

He is married to Catherine Manners.

They got married about 1620.

Child(ren):

1. Mary de Villiers  ± 1615-1685 
2. George de Villiers  1627-1687

Notes about George de Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham

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Most of the information on Kings & Queens of Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Eng land and other parts of the British Isles & Europe and on the various Roy al & Noble families in this family tree has come from one or more of the f ollowing sources:

BURKE'S Genealogical and Heraldic History of the PEERAGE BARONETAGE AND KN IGHTAGE.
Edited by Peter Townend. Burke's Peerage Limited, London
"Burke's Peerage" popular name.

Also information from
Burke's Landed Gentry
Burke's Peerage Limited, London

Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage,
ISBN: 0312125577
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London W2 2YW
For further information on Debrett's
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Directory of Royal Genealogical Data (Edinburgh Mirror)
http://www.tardis.ed.ac.uk/~bct/public/genealogy/royal/
Version: 29 Jul 99 Author: Brian Tompsett
Back: Royal and Noble genealogy Copyright (c) 1994 - 1999

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GIVN George
SURN VILLIERS
NSFX 1st Duke
TEXT The Stuarts by J.P. Kenyon Published Fontana 1966
_MASTER Y
PAGE 69
BUCKINGHAM, DUKE OF (1592-1628), an English nobleman, was the real rul er of England during th e later years of King James I's reign, which end ed in 1625, and from 1625 to 1628 under Kin g Charles I.
His given and family name was George Villiers. Although a royal favorit e, he was extremel y unpopular. He failed on several military expedition s, and, after his unsuccessful naval ex pedition to the
Spanish seaport of Cadiz in 1625, he was impeached (charged with wrongdoin g). Charles I sav ed him from death, however. On Buckingham's return fr om a failed military expedition to Fran ce, he was
assassinated by John Felton, a discontented army officer.
Buckingham was born in the county of Leicestershire, England. The pl ot of The Three Musketee rs (1844), a famous historical romance by Alexand re Dumas, centers about a love affair betwee n Buckingham
and Anne of Austria, wife of King Louis XIII of France.
DATE 7 FEB 2000
TIME

VIII. 1. GEORGE VILLIERS, 4th son of Slr George VILLIERS, of Brokesby, c o. Leicester, being 2nd son by his 2nd wife, Mary, created in 1618) COUNTE SS OF BUCKINGHAM, was born 28 Aug. 1592, at Brokesby. He was educated at B illesden School, co. Leicester, and subsequently in Paris, whence comi ng to Court, "the handsomeness of his person" and his various accomplishme iits (seconded by the favour of the Queen Consort and of Archbishop Abbo t, who desired to supplant Robert (Carr), Earl of Somerset in the Royal fa vour), ingratiated him extremely with the King. He was made Cupbearer, 161 4; Gent. of the Bedchamber, 1615; was knighted 24 April 1615; Master of t he Horse, January 1615/16 till his death; nominated K.G., 24 April and ins talled 7 July 1616; Keeper of Whaddon Park and Chase, 1616; Chief Justi ce in Eyre, north of Trent, 1616-19; Master of the King's Bench Office, & C. On 27 August 1616 he was created BARON WHADDON OF WHADDON, Bucks, and V ISCOUNT VILLIERS, joint Commissioner for the office of Earl Marshal 161 6; Lord Lieutenant of Bucks, 1616, till his death. On 5 January 1616 /7 he was created EARL OF BUCKINGHAM. On 14 March following he obtain ed a patent granting the reversion of the said Earldom, Viscountcy and Bar ony, failing the heirs male of his body, to his brothers of the whole bloo d, "John Villiers, Knt., and Christopher Villiers, Esq.," and the heirs ma le of their bodies
respectively. P.C. 4 February 1616/17. On 1 January 1617/8 he was creat ed MARQUESS OF BUCKINGHAM, and on 1 July following he obtained for his mot her the title of Countess of Buckingliam. High Steward of Hampton Court 16 16; of Westminster 1618 till his death; of the Honour of Grafton 1622; a nd of Windsor 1625. Lord Lieutenant of Bucks, 1618 till his death ; of Ken t, for a few days in May 1620; of Midllesex, 1622 till his death. LORD HI GH ADMIRAL OF ENGLAND 28 January 1615/6 and Chief justice in Eyre, sou th of Trent, 1610, both till his death. On 18 May 1623 he was created EA RL OF COVENTRY and DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, he being then absent with Charle s, Prince of Wales, in Spain, to arrange a Spanish alliance for that Princ e. Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Constable of Dover, and Constab le of Windsor Castle, all 1624 till his death. At the accession of Charl es I, March 1625, he was made Gentleman of the Bedchamber, Chief Commissio ner of War, and General of the Fleet and Army; Ambassador to Paris, M ay to June, 1625, and again November 1626; Ambassador to the Hague Octob er to December 1625; LORD HIGH CONSTABLE for the Coronation, February 1625 /6. Chancellor of Cambridge University, 1626 till his death. He obtained f or his only daughter, Lady Mary a patent, 27 August 1627, granting h er in the event of his dying without male issue, the dignity of DUCHE SS OF BUCKINGHAM, with remainder of the Dukedom to the heirs male of her b ody. He married, 16 May 1620, Katherine, daughter and heir of Francis (MAN NERS), 6th EARL of RUTLAND, by his 1st wife, Frances, daughter and cohe ir of Sir Henry KNYVETT, of Charlton, Wilts. He was assassinated by Lieute nant John Felton at Portsmouth, 23 August, and was buried 18 September 162 8, (from Wallingford House, Whitehall) in Westminster Abbey, aged 36. H is widow who, on the death of her father, 17 December 1632, became suoju re BARONESS Ros, married, as his 1st wife, April 1635, before the 12th, Ra ndall (MACDONNELL), MARQUESS OF ANTRIM [IRL 1645], who died s.p., 3 Februa ry 1682. She died late in October 1649, at Waterford. [CP 2:392-94]

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Most of the information on Kings & Queens of Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Eng land and other parts of the British Isles & Europe and on the various Roy al & Noble families in this family tree has come from one or more of the f ollowing sources:

BURKE'S Genealogical and Heraldic History of the PEERAGE BARONETAGE AND KN IGHTAGE.
Edited by Peter Townend. Burke's Peerage Limited, London
"Burke's Peerage" popular name.

Also information from
Burke's Landed Gentry
Burke's Peerage Limited, London

Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage,
ISBN: 0312125577
Debrett's Peerage Ltd
86/88 Edgware Road
London W2 2YW
For further information on Debrett's
e-mail    (XXXXX@XXXX.XXX)
Phone #  +44 (0)171 916 9633.
http://www.debretts.co.uk/index.html

Directory of Royal Genealogical Data (Edinburgh Mirror)
http://www.tardis.ed.ac.uk/~bct/public/genealogy/royal/
Version: 29 Jul 99 Author: Brian Tompsett
Back: Royal and Noble genealogy Copyright (c) 1994 - 1999

This is part of Royal and Noble Genealogical Data on the Web at
http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/gedcom.html,

Royal Genealogies -- Menu
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Denis R. Reid
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Internet Email address: (XXXXX@XXXX.XXX)
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============================================

http://www.thebookofdays.com/months/aug/23.htm

GEORGE VILLIERS, FIRST DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM
'Princes and lords are but the breath of kings.' Seldom has this sentiment been more strikingly exemplified than in the case of this nobleman. His rapid and unmerited advancement, effected solely by a sovereign's capricious will, stands almost, if not entirely, unparalleled in history. His father was Sir George Villiers of Brokesby, in Leicester-shire, who possessed but a moderate property, was twice married, and had nine children. The duke—his father's fourth son—was by his second wife, Mary, daughter of Anthony Beaumont of Glenfield, Leicestershire, and was born on the 20th of August 1592. He was educated at home in fencing, riding, dancing, and other gentlemanly accomplishments of the period, and, at the age of eighteen, went to France for his further improvement.
After travelling there for about three years, he returned to England in 1613, and obtained an appointment at court as cup-bearer to King James I, 'who of all wise men living,' says Clarendon, 'was the most delighted and taken with handsome persons in fine clothes.' Young Villiers was remarkable for the beauty of his person, the gracefulness of his air, the elegance of his dress, the suavity and sprightliness of his conversation. The king was delighted with him, and, in token of his admiration, gave him the familiar name of Steenie, in allusion to a beautiful portrait in Whitehall representing St. Stephen, the proto-martyr. Honours now fell rapidly upon him. Here is a glance at his progress:
1615 - Knighted, and made one of the Gentlemen of the Bedchamber.
1616 - Master of the Horse; Knight of the Garter <../june/24.htm>; Baron of Whaddon; Viscount Villiers.
1617 - Earl of Buckingham; Marquis of Buckingham; Lord High Admiral; Chief-justice in Eyre, south of Trent; Master of the King's Bench; High Steward of Westminster; Constable of Windsor Castle.
1623 - Earl of Coventry; Duke of Buckingham; Warden of the Cinque Ports; Steward of the Manor of Hampton Court.
Thus, in the course of ten years, King James raised his favourite from a poor cup-bearer to the highest title a sovereign has to bestow. Nor did he lavish on him merely titles and lucrative appointments; he enriched him with magnificent grants from the royal domains; thus placing him not only among the highest, but among the wealthiest, noblemen in the land. The royal lordship of Whaddon alone, from which the duke derived his first title, contained four thousand acres and a chase sufficient for a thousand deer.
To gratify his favourite still more, the king extended his patronage to his whole family. His mother was, in 1618, created Countess of Buckingham; his elder brother, John, was made Baron Villiers and Viscount Purbeck; his younger brother, Christopher, was, in 1623, created Earl of Anglesey and Baron of Daventry; his half-brother, William, was, in 1619, created a baronet; and his other half-brother, Edward, was knighted in 1616, and in 1622 was appointed president of Munster, in Ireland—a lucrative post of great honour, which had previously always been held by a nobleman. The duke's influence at court was not diminished by the death of King James, for he had become no less a favourite with the succeeding monarch, Charles I; so much so, indeed, that Clarendon, who, on the whole, speaks favourably of Villiers, asserts that 'all preferments in church and state were given by him; all his kindred and friends promoted to the degree in honour, or riches, or offices that he thought fit; and all his enemies and enviers discountenanced as he appointed.'
'To him the church, the realm, their powers consign; Through him the rays of regal bounty shine; Turned by his nod the stream of honour flows; His smile alone security bestows:
Still to new heights his restless wishes tower, Claim leads to claim, and power advances power, Till conquest, unresisted, ceased to please, And rights submitted left him none to seize.'
—DR. Johnson on Wolsey <../nov/29.htm>
Raised to this pinnacle of power, the duke displayed a presumption perfectly intolerable. One or two instances will amply illustrate this.
When sent to France, by Charles I, to bring over Henrietta, his betrothed wife, the queen of France, being indisposed, was confined to her bed, and the duke was permitted to have an interview with her in her chamber. But, instead of approaching her as an ambassador, he had 'the insolence to converse with her as a lover!' The Marchioness of Sencey, the queen's lady of honour, who was present, gave the duke a severe reproof, saying: 'Sir, you must learn to be silent; it is not thus we address the queen of France!' Afterwards, when the duke would have gone on another embassy to the French court, it was signified to him, that for reasons well known to himself, his presence would not be agreeable to the king of France. The duke exclaimed: 'He would go and see the queen in spite of the French court!' 'And to this pretty affair,' remarks our authority, 'is to be ascribed the war between the two nations!'
His insolence to Henrietta herself, when queen of England, was even more audacious. 'One day,' says Clarendon, 'when he unjustly apprehended that the queen had shewn some disrespect to his mother, in not going to her lodging at an hour she had intended to go, and was hindered by mere accident, he came into her chamber in much passion, and after some expostulations rude enough, he told her, she should repent it. Her majesty answering with some quickness, he thereupon replied insolently to her—that there had been queens in England who had lost their heads!'
The duke had a strong passion for magnificence. In 1617, only three or four years after his first entrance at court, he gave a most sumptuous entertainment on his being created a marquis. The banquet, which was held in Whitehall, was served up in the French fashion, under the auspices of Sir Thomas Edmondes, who had recently returned from France. 'You may judge,' writes an eye-witness of the feast, 'by this scantling, that there were said to be seventeen dozens of pheasants, and twelve partridges in a dish; throughout which, methinks, were more spoil than largesse. In spite of many presents,' the feast cost six hundred pounds.
Buckingham was equally excessive in the splendour of his equipage. Coaches, which were first introduced into England in 1580, were at first only used with a pair of horses, but Buckingham, about 1619, had his coach drawn by six horses, which was, says Wilson, 'wondered at as a novelty, and imputed to him as a mastering pride.' He was also remarkable for his extravagance in dress. 'He had twenty-seven suits of clothes made, the richest that embroidery, lace, silk, velvet, silver, gold, and gems could contribute; one of which was a white uncut velvet, set all over, both suit and cloak, with diamonds valued at fourscore thousand pounds, besides a great feather stuck all over with diamonds, as were also his sword, girdle, hat, and spurs.' He could also afford to have his diamonds so loosely tacked on, that when he chose to shake a few off on the ground, he obtained all the fame he desired from the pickers-up; for he never condescended to take back those which he had dropped. In the masques and banquets with which he entertained the court, he is said to have usually expended for the evening from one to five thousand pounds.
The consequences of the duke's rise were most disastrous to the kingdom. He had little or no genuine patriotism, and either did not understand, or would not heed, the rights and requirements of his fellow-subjects. Indebted for his own position to mere favouritism, he, who was now sovereign all but in name, dispensed posts of importance and responsibility on the same baneful principles. Discontent became general. The ancient peers were indignant at having a man thrust over their heads with little to recommend him but his personal appearance and demeanour.
The House of Commons were still more indignant at having measures, which they knew to be ruinous to the country, forced on them by a minister who, to gain his own ends, would not hesitate to hazard. the honour and prosperity of the whole nation. This was especially manifested in two of his proceedings. From a private pique of his own, he involved his country first in a war with Spain, and. afterwards with France, both of which wars brought discredit and perplexity on England. The House of Commons prepared a bill of impeachment against him, containing no less than sixteen charges; and the king only warded off the blow by suddenly dissolving parliament. This, as Clarendon admits, was not only irregular but impolitic.
The country became exasperated, and Buckingham's life was known to be in danger. 'Some of his friends,' says Sir Symonds d'Ewes, 'had advised him how generally he was hated in England, and how needful it would be for his greater safety to wear some coat-of-mail, or some secret defensive armour, but the duke, sighing, said: "It needs not—there are no Roman spirits left! "Warnings and threatenings were alike unheeded, and the duke proceeded to head a new expedition, which he had planned to relieve the Protestants of Rochelle.
Having engaged a house at Portsmouth, to superintend the embarkation of his forces, he passed the night there with the duchess, and others of his family, and on Saturday, August 23, 1628, "he did rise up," says Howell, "in a well-disposed humour out of his bed, and cut a caper or two, and being ready, and having been under the barber's hands, he went to break-fast, attended by a great company,' among whom were some Frenchmen, whose eager tones and gesticulations were mistaken by some of the bystanders for anger. The duke, being in private conversation with Sir Thomas Fryar, was stooping down to take leave of him, when he was suddenly struck over his shoulder with a knife, which penetrated his heart. He exclaimed 'The villain has killed me!' and at the same moment pulling out the knife, which had been left in his breast, he fell down dead.
Many of the attendants at first thought he had fallen from apoplexy, but, on seeing the effusion of blood from his breast and mouth, they perceived that he had been assassinated, and at once attributed the act to one of the Frenchmen who had just before been so eagerly conversing with him. Some hasty spirits, drawing their swords, rushed towards the Frenchmen, to take summary vengeance on them all, and were restrained with so much difficulty, that, according to Clarendon, 'it was a kind of a miracle that the Frenchmen were not all killed in that instant.'
The Duchess of Buckingham and the Countess of Anglesey, having entered a gallery looking into the hall, beheld the lifeless body of the duke. 'Ah, poor ladies!' writes Lord Carlton, who was present at the murder, 'such were their screechings, tears, and distractions, that I never in my life heard the like before, and hope never to hear the like again.' Amid tins distracting scene, a man's hat was found near the door where the murder was committed, and in the crown of it was sewn a written paper containing these words:
'That man is cowardly base, and deserveth not the name of a gentleman or souldier, that is not willinge to sacrifice his life for the honor of his God, his Kinge, and his Countrie. Lett no man Commend me for doeinge of it, but rather discommend themselves as the cause of it, for if God had not taken away or hartes for or sinnes, he would not have gone so lunge vnpunished. Jo: felton.'
Felton, the owner of the hat, was found, says Lord Carlton, ' standing in the kitchen of the same house, and after inquiry made by a multitude of captains and gentlemen, then pressing into the house and court, and crying out amain, " Where is the villain? Where is the butcher?" he most audaciously and resolutely drawing forth his sword, came out, and went amongst them, saying boldly:
"I am the man; here I am I" Upon which divers drew upon him, with an intent to have then despatched him; but Sir Thomas Morton, myself, and some others used such means (though with much trouble and difficulty) that we drew him out of their hands,' and he was conveyed by a guard of musketeers to the governor's house. John Felton, who was a younger son of a Suffolk gentleman,' was by nature,' says Sir Henry Wotton <../march/30.htm>, 'of a deep melancholy, silent, and gloomy constitution, but bred in the active way of a soldier, and thereby raised to the place of lieutenant to a foot company, in the regiment of Sir James Ramsay.'
On being questioned as to his motives for committing the murder, he replied, that he was dissatisfied, partly because his pay was in arrear, and partly because the duke had promoted a junior officer over him, but that his chief motive was to ' do his country a great good service;' and that he ' verily thought, in his soul and con-science, the re-monstrance of the parliament was a sufficient warrant for what he did upon the duke's person.' He under-went several examinations, always asserting that he had no accomplices; and when the Earl of Dorset threatened, in the king's name, to examine him on the rack; he said:
'I do again affirm, upon my salvation, that my purpose was known to no man living; and more than I have said before, I cannot. But if it be his majesty's pleasure, I am ready to suffer whatever his majesty will have inflicted upon me. Yet this I must tell you by the way, that if I be put upon the rack, I will accuse you, my Lord Dorset, and none but yourself.'
This bold resolve astounded the examiners. They hesitated, and consulted the judges, who unanimously replied, that 'torture was not justifiable according to the law of England.' So that by this firmness Felton did, indeed, 'great good service to his country.' He forced from the judges an avowal of a law which condemned all their former practice. He was imbued with fanaticism, had a revengeful spirit, and gloried in manifesting it. Having once been offended by a gentleman, he cut off a piece of his own finger, and enclosing it with a challenge, sent it to him, to shew how little he heeded pain provided he could have vengeance. He continued in prison till November, passing the time in deep penitence and devotion, and was executed at Tyburn <../nov/7.htm> towards the end of the month, and was afterwards hung in chains at Portsmouth.
The Duke of Buckingham, who had married Catherine, daughter and sole heir of Francis, Earl of Rutland, was thirty-six years old at his death. His body was buried, by command of the king, in Westminster Abbey, and a sumptuous monument was erected within the communion rails of the church at Portsmouth; but it has recently been removed into the north aisle of the chancel. The house in which Buckingham was assassinated still exists, with but slight modern alterations, being marked No. 10 in the High Street of Ports-mouth. The kitchen to which Felton retired is a distinct building at the further end, according to our view.
  House at Portsmouths in which the Duke of Buckingham was assassinated
The duke's murder is said to have been preceded by many supernatural warnings, the most curious of which was the reputed appearance of his father's ghost. The story, which is gravely and circumstantially related by Clarendon, is long and tedious, but the substance of it is as follows:
About six months before the duke's murder, as one Mr. Towse, an officer of the king's wardrobe, was lying awake in his bed at Windsor, about midnight there appeared at his bedside, ' a man of a very venerable aspect, who drew the curtains of his bed, and fixing his eyes upon him, asked him, if he knew him. The poor man, half-dead with fear,' on being asked the second time, said, he thought he was Sir George Villiers, the father of the Duke of Buckingham.
The ghost told him he was right; and then charged him to go to the duke, and assure him that if he did not endeavour to ingratiate him-self with the people, and abate their malice against him, he would not be suffered to live long. The next morning, Mr. Towse tried to persuade himself that his vision had been only a dream, and dismissed the subject from his mind. But at night the same apparition visited him, and, with an angry countenance, reproached him for not having attended to his charge, and told him he should have no peace till he did so. Mr. Towse promised to obey; but in the morning, not at all relishing the commission, he again treated it as a mere dream. On the third night, the same apparition again stood at his bed, and, with 'a terrible countenance, bitterly reproached him for not performing what he had promised to do.' Mr. Towse now ventured to address the spectre, and assure him that he would willingly execute his command, but that he knew not how to gain access to the duke, or if he did, how to convince him that the vision was anything more than the delusion of a distempered mind. The ghost replied, that he should have no rest till he had fulfilled his commission; that access to the duke was easy; and that he would tell him two or three particulars, in strict secrecy, to repeat to him, which would at once insure confidence in all he should say, 'and so repeating his threats, he left him. Mr. Towse obtained an interview with the duke, who, on being told " the secret particulars," changed colour, and swore no one could have come to that knowledge except by the devil; for that those particulars were known only to himself, and to one person more, who he was sure would never speak of it.' After this interview, the duke appeared unusually thoughtful, and in the course of the day he had a long conference with his mother. But he made no change in his conduct; nor is it known whether or not he gave any credit to the story of the apparition, though it is supposed that his repetition of it to his mother, made a strong impression on her, for when the news of his murder was brought her, ' she seemed not in the least degree surprised, but received it as if she had foreseen it.'

=========================================

[maclaren7.ged]

Most of the information on Kings & Queens of Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Eng land and other parts of the British Isles & Europe and on the various Roy al & Noble families in this family tree has come from one or more of the f ollowing sources:

BURKE'S Genealogical and Heraldic History of the PEERAGE BARONETAGE AND KN IGHTAGE.
Edited by Peter Townend. Burke's Peerage Limited, London
"Burke's Peerage" popular name.

Also information from
Burke's Landed Gentry
Burke's Peerage Limited, London

Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage,
ISBN: 0312125577
Debrett's Peerage Ltd
86/88 Edgware Road
London W2 2YW
For further information on Debrett's
e-mail    (XXXXX@XXXX.XXX)
Phone #  +44 (0)171 916 9633.
http://www.debretts.co.uk/index.html

Directory of Royal Genealogical Data (Edinburgh Mirror)
http://www.tardis.ed.ac.uk/~bct/public/genealogy/royal/
Version: 29 Jul 99 Author: Brian Tompsett
Back: Royal and Noble genealogy Copyright (c) 1994 - 1999

This is part of Royal and Noble Genealogical Data on the Web at
http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/gedcom.html,

Royal Genealogies -- Menu
http://ftp.cac.psu.edu/~saw/royal/royalgen.html
Denis R. Reid
149 Kimrose Lane
Broadview Heights, Ohio 44147-1258
Internet Email address: (XXXXX@XXXX.XXX)
(216) 237-5364

Burke's possibly now published or distributed by
Almanach De Gotha Ltd,
9 Cork Street,Mayfair,
London, W1X 1PD
United Kingdom.
Tel (UK) 0181 404 2489
(International) +44(0) 181 404 2489
http://www.almanachdegotha.com/main_page.htm
GIVN George
SURN VILLIERS
NSFX 1st Duke
TEXT The Stuarts by J.P. Kenyon Published Fontana 1966
_MASTER Y
PAGE 69
BUCKINGHAM, DUKE OF (1592-1628), an English nobleman, was the real rul er of England during th e later years of King James I's reign, which end ed in 1625, and from 1625 to 1628 under Kin g Charles I.
His given and family name was George Villiers. Although a royal favorit e, he was extremel y unpopular. He failed on several military expedition s, and, after his unsuccessful naval ex pedition to the
Spanish seaport of Cadiz in 1625, he was impeached (charged with wrongdoin g). Charles I sav ed him from death, however. On Buckingham's return fr om a failed military expedition to Fran ce, he was
assassinated by John Felton, a discontented army officer.
Buckingham was born in the county of Leicestershire, England. The pl ot of The Three Musketee rs (1844), a famous historical romance by Alexand re Dumas, centers about a love affair betwee n Buckingham
and Anne of Austria, wife of King Louis XIII of France.
DATE 7 FEB 2000
TIME

VIII. 1. GEORGE VILLIERS, 4th son of Slr George VILLIERS, of Brokesby, c o. Leicester, being 2nd son by his 2nd wife, Mary, created in 1618) COUNTE SS OF BUCKINGHAM, was born 28 Aug. 1592, at Brokesby. He was educated at B illesden School, co. Leicester, and subsequently in Paris, whence comi ng to Court, "the handsomeness of his person" and his various accomplishme iits (seconded by the favour of the Queen Consort and of Archbishop Abbo t, who desired to supplant Robert (Carr), Earl of Somerset in the Royal fa vour), ingratiated him extremely with the King. He was made Cupbearer, 161 4; Gent. of the Bedchamber, 1615; was knighted 24 April 1615; Master of t he Horse, January 1615/16 till his death; nominated K.G., 24 April and ins talled 7 July 1616; Keeper of Whaddon Park and Chase, 1616; Chief Justi ce in Eyre, north of Trent, 1616-19; Master of the King's Bench Office, & C. On 27 August 1616 he was created BARON WHADDON OF WHADDON, Bucks, and V ISCOUNT VILLIERS, joint Commissioner for the office of Earl Marshal 161 6; Lord Lieutenant of Bucks, 1616, till his death. On 5 January 1616 /7 he was created EARL OF BUCKINGHAM. On 14 March following he obtain ed a patent granting the reversion of the said Earldom, Viscountcy and Bar ony, failing the heirs male of his body, to his brothers of the whole bloo d, "John Villiers, Knt., and Christopher Villiers, Esq.," and the heirs ma le of their bodies
respectively. P.C. 4 February 1616/17. On 1 January 1617/8 he was creat ed MARQUESS OF BUCKINGHAM, and on 1 July following he obtained for his mot her the title of Countess of Buckingliam. High Steward of Hampton Court 16 16; of Westminster 1618 till his death; of the Honour of Grafton 1622; a nd of Windsor 1625. Lord Lieutenant of Bucks, 1618 till his death ; of Ken t, for a few days in May 1620; of Midllesex, 1622 till his death. LORD HI GH ADMIRAL OF ENGLAND 28 January 1615/6 and Chief justice in Eyre, sou th of Trent, 1610, both till his death. On 18 May 1623 he was created EA RL OF COVENTRY and DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, he being then absent with Charle s, Prince of Wales, in Spain, to arrange a Spanish alliance for that Princ e. Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Constable of Dover, and Constab le of Windsor Castle, all 1624 till his death. At the accession of Charl es I, March 1625, he was made Gentleman of the Bedchamber, Chief Commissio ner of War, and General of the Fleet and Army; Ambassador to Paris, M ay to June, 1625, and again November 1626; Ambassador to the Hague Octob er to December 1625; LORD HIGH CONSTABLE for the Coronation, February 1625 /6. Chancellor of Cambridge University, 1626 till his death. He obtained f or his only daughter, Lady Mary a patent, 27 August 1627, granting h er in the event of his dying without male issue, the dignity of DUCHE SS OF BUCKINGHAM, with remainder of the Dukedom to the heirs male of her b ody. He married, 16 May 1620, Katherine, daughter and heir of Francis (MAN NERS), 6th EARL of RUTLAND, by his 1st wife, Frances, daughter and cohe ir of Sir Henry KNYVETT, of Charlton, Wilts. He was assassinated by Lieute nant John Felton at Portsmouth, 23 August, and was buried 18 September 162 8, (from Wallingford House, Whitehall) in Westminster Abbey, aged 36. H is widow who, on the death of her father, 17 December 1632, became suoju re BARONESS Ros, married, as his 1st wife, April 1635, before the 12th, Ra ndall (MACDONNELL), MARQUESS OF ANTRIM [IRL 1645], who died s.p., 3 Februa ry 1682. She died late in October 1649, at Waterford. [CP 2:392-94]

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