February 2 » Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms: Battle of Inverlochy.
May 20 » Yangzhou massacre: The ten day massacre of 800,000 residents of the city of Yangzhou, part of the Transition from Ming to Qing.
June 14 » English Civil War: Battle of Naseby: Twelve thousand Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers.
July 21 » Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the Manchus.
August 3 » Thirty Years' War: The Second Battle of Nördlingen sees French forces defeating those of the Holy Roman Empire.
September 13 » Wars of the Three Kingdoms: Scottish Royalists are defeated by Covenanters at the Battle of Philiphaugh.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: J.W. Kole, "Genealogy Kole", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogie-kole/I11106.php : accessed September 23, 2024), "Christianus Jan Leijten (1645-????)".
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