The temperature on July 24, 1812 was about 17.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south-southwest. Weather type: betrokken regen winderig. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 27 » Argentine War of Independence: Manuel Belgrano raises the Flag of Argentina in the city of Rosario for the first time.
July 22 » Napoleonic Wars: Peninsular War: Battle of Salamanca: British forces led by Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) defeat French troops near Salamanca, Spain.
October 25 » War of 1812: The American frigate, USSUnited States, commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate HMSMacedonian.
November 14 » Napoleonic Wars: At the Battle of Smoliani, French Marshals Victor and Oudinot are defeated by the Russians under General Peter Wittgenstein.
November 18 » Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Krasnoi ends in French defeat, but Marshal of France Michel Ney's leadership leads to him becoming known as "the bravest of the brave".
December 14 » The French invasion of Russia comes to an end as the remnants of the Grande Armée are expelled from Russia.
Day of death July 23, 1866
The temperature on July 23, 1866 was about 18.1 °C. The air pressure was 6.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the northwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 61%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from February 10, 1866 to June 1, 1866 the cabinet Fransen van de Putte, with I.D. Fransen van de Putte (liberaal) as prime minister.
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
April 10 » The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) is founded in New York City by Henry Bergh.
July 24 » Reconstruction: Tennessee becomes the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War.
July 28 » At the age of 18, Vinnie Ream becomes the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue (of Abraham Lincoln).
August 17 » The Grand Duchy of Baden announces her withdrawal from the German Confederation and signs a treaty of peace and alliance with Prussia.
August 23 » Austro-Prussian War ends with the Treaty of Prague.
October 22 » A plebiscite ratifies the annexion of Veneto and Mantua to Italy, which had occurred three days before, on October 19.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Klaas Gebert, "Gebert Wereld", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/gebert-wereld/P667.php : accessed February 16, 2026), "Friedrich Martin Hefenbrock (1812-1866)".
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