Gawrelski Family Tree » Charity Arthur (1832-1913)

Day of marriage December 21, 1854

• The temperature on December 21, 1854 was about 5.1 °C. There was 5 mm of rain. The air pressure was 4 kgf/m² and came mainly from the west-southwest. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
• In the year 1854: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.3 million citizens.
  • January 21 » The RMS Tayleur sinks off Lambay Island on her maiden voyage from Liverpool to Australia with great loss of life.
  • March 1 » German psychologist Friedrich Eduard Beneke disappears; two years later his remains are found in a canal near Charlottenburg.
  • July 6 » In Jackson, Michigan, the first convention of the United States Republican Party is held.
  • August 4 » The Hinomaru is established as the official flag to be flown from Japanese ships.
  • August 19 » The First Sioux War begins when United States Army soldiers kill Lakota chief Conquering Bear and in return are massacred.
  • October 9 » Crimean War: The siege of Sevastopol begins.

Day of death December 29, 1913

• The temperature on December 29, 1913 was between -0.5 °C and 2.3 °C and averaged 1.0 °C. There was 2.3 mm of rain. There was 0.2 hours of sunshine (3%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north-northwest. Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from February 12, 1908 to August 29, 1913 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. Th. Heemskerk (AR) as prime minister.
• In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1913: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 6.1 million citizens.
  • March 26 » First Balkan War: Bulgarian forces capture Adrianople.
  • April 8 » The 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution, requiring direct election of Senators, becomes law.
  • May 3 » Raja Harishchandra, the first full-length Indian feature film, is released, marking the beginning of the Indian film industry.
  • July 12 » Serbian forces begin their siege of the Bulgarian city of Vidin; the siege is later called off when the war ends.
  • October 9 » The steamship SSVolturno catches fire in the mid-Atlantic.
  • December 14 » Haruna, the fourth and last Kongō-class ship, launches, eventually becoming one of the Japanese workhorses during World War I and World War II.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1897 » William James Linton, English-American painter, author, and activist (b. 1812)
• 1900 » John Henry Leech, English entomologist (b. 1862)
• 1910 » Reginald Doherty, English tennis player (b. 1872)
• 1924 » Carl Spitteler, Swiss poet and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
• 1925 » Félix Vallotton, Swiss/French painter (b. 1865)
• 1926 » Rainer Maria Rilke, Austrian poet and author (b. 1875)