Fox and Anderson and Taylor families in USA » Gwriad ab Elidir (738-825)

Sources

1. WikiTree, via https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Ab_Elidir-...

   Biography
   
   Name
   •Gwriad[1]
   •Gwriad ab Elidir [2]
   •Gwriad ap Elidyr [3]
   •Gwriad Manaw[3]
   
   738 Birth and Parents
   
   He was born in 738. [2] in Caer Seiont, Gwynedd, Caernarfonshire, Wales.
   
   Cawley states that Gwriad's parents are unknown. [1] The 13th century History of Gruffydd ap Cynan names "Rodri Mawr son of Mervyn Vrych son of Gwryat…", and traces Gwriad´s alleged ancestry back to Llywarch Hen, a supposed 6th century British prince, and further back through biblical times to Adam[61]. The point at which legend becomes fact in this descent is not known. A Manx chieftain. [1]
   
   Wiipedia reports that according to the genealogies from Jesus College MS 20, Gwriad was the son of a certain Elidyr and was a descendant of Llywarch Hen and Coel Hen, rulers from the Hen Ogledd or "Old North", the Brittonic-speaking parts of what is now southern Scotland and northern England. [4][5]
   
   The Family Search site reports that he was the son of Elidir ap Sandde. [2]
   
   Manaw
   
   The bardic poetry indicates that Merfyn was "from the land of Manaw", a Brittonic place name applied to several districts, including Manaw Gododdin, the area around the Firth of Forth. This locale in the Hen Ogledd would be consistent with Gwriad's descent from Llywarch's northern lineage.[6]
   
   An origin in Manaw Gododdin was supported by scholars such as William Forbes Skene and John Edward Lloyd.[7]
   
   Other scholars connect Gwriad to the Isle of Man, known in Welsh as Ynis Manaw rather than Manaw Gododdin, especially following the 1896 discovery of an 8th- or 9th-century cross on Man inscribed Crux Guriat ("Cross of Gwriad").[7][8]
   
   Lloyd wrote that this discovery "undoubtedly strengthens the case" for a Manx origin.[7]
   
   John Rhys suggested that Gwriad may have taken refuge on the Isle of Man during the bloody dynastic struggle in Gwynedd between Cynan Dindaethwy and Hywel prior to Merfyn's accession to the throne.[9]
   
   Still other locations for "Manaw" have been suggested, including Ireland, Galloway and Powys.[10]
   
   Rhys further noted that the Welsh Triads mention a "Gwryat son of Gwryan in the North", counted among the "Three Kings who were the Sons of Strangers", which he suggests is a reference to the father of Merfyn.[9][11]
   
   However, this conflicts with the Jesus College MS 20 pedigree, in which Gwriad's father is Elidyr. James E. Fraser suggests that the Gwriad of the Triad is instead to be identified with the King Guret of Alt Clut (Strathclyde) recorded by the Annals of Ulster as dying in 658.[12]
   
   Reign
   
   Almost nothing is known about Gwriad's background. [3]
   
   Gwriad was a late-8th century figure who chiefly appears in the historical record in connection to his son Merfyn Frych, who was King of Gwynedd from around 825 to 844 and was founder of the Merfynion dynasty.[3]
   
   Marriage
   
   There are conflicting names given for his wife.
   
   Ethyll
   
   Cawley reports that he married Ethyll of Gwynedd, daughter and heiress of Cynan, King of Gwynedd. Wikipedia follows Cawley, stating that Gwriad married Ethyllt ferch Cynan, daughter of Cynan Dindaethwy, King of Gwynedd. [3]
   
   Alternately, Cawley notes, Ethyll married Gwriad's son, Merfyn. The mid-10th century Harleian Manuscript genealogy names the ancestors of Rhodri "Mawr/the Great": "…Rotri map Mermin map Etthil merch Cinnan…". The Gwentian Chronicle records that "[the] daughter [of Cynan Tindaethwy king of all Wales who was his heir married a chieftain of the name of Mervyn the Freckled", a later passage adding that "Mervyn the Freckled and Essyllt his wife began to reign over Gwynedd and Powys" in 818. As noted above, the Gwentian Chronicle records that Ethyll married Gwriad´s son Merfyn "Frych/the Freckled".
   
   Cawley conludes it is impossible to judge which version is preferable. Indeed, it is possible that Ethyll was not a historical figure at all but was invented to legitimise the dynastic change in the eyes of successor generations of kings and their supporters. [1]
   
   Nest
   
   The Family Search site reports alternately that Gwriad married Nest ferch Cadell, the daughter of Cadell ap Brochwel, Brenin of Teyrnllwg or Powys. [2]
   
   825 Death
   
   Gwriad died in about 825 on the Ynys Manaw (Isle of Man), Wales.[2]
   
   Issue
   
   Cawley states that Gwriad & his wife had one child, Merfyn:
   1.MERFYN ap Gwriad "Frych/the Freckled" who died in 844.
   
   Their son Merfyn Frych later became the first king of Gwynedd known not to have come from the dynasty of its founder Cunedda. [3]
   
   Merfyn evidently claimed the throne through his mother rather than through Gwriad, and bolstered this atypical matrilineal claim through his own power and reputation.[10][4]
   
   They had two children:
   • Merfyn "Frych" ap Gwriad, Brenin of Powys, b. Abt 770, of, , Powys gwlad, Wales, d. 844, at the Battle of Cyfeiliog, Montgomeryshire, Wales (Age ~ 74 years)[2] #Merfyn Frych [3]
   • Cadrod ap Gwriad, b. Abt 800, of, , Northern Reged, England [2]
   
   Research Notes
   
   Pedigree
   
   Family Search provides the following pedigree.
   1.Gwriad, son of
   2.Elidyr, son of
   3.Sandde, son of
   4.Alcwn, son of
   5.Egyth, son of
   6.Gweir, son of
   7.Douc, son of
   8.Llewarch Hen, fl ca 600, son of
   9.Elidyr Lydanwyn, son of
   10.Meirchawn, son of
   11.Gwngust, son of
   12.Keneu, son of
   13.Coel Hen, King of Kyle, fl ca 400.[2]
   
   Sources
   1.↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Charles Cawley. Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Medieval Lands Database. Kings of Gwynedd descendants of Gwriad. Accessed June 22, 2018 jhd
   2.↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 FamilySearch Welsh database
   3.↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Wikipedia: Gwriad_ap_Elidyr Accessed June 22, 2018 jhd
   4.↑ 4.0 4.1 Lloyd, John Edward (1912). A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest. Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 323. Retrieved May 30, 2013. Cited by Wikipedia: Gwriad_ap_Elidyr Accessed June 22, 2018 jhd
   5.↑ Genealogies from Jesus College MS 20 17: "Rodri ma6r m Meruyn vrych m G6rhyat m Elidyr m sandef m Alcun m tegyth m Ceit m douc m Llewarch hen m Elidyr lydanwyn m Meircha6n m G6rgust m Keneu m Coil hen. mal y mae vchot". Cited by Wikipedia: Gwriad_ap_Elidyr Accessed June 22, 2018 jhd
   6.↑ Lloyd, John Edward (1912). A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest. Longmans, Green, and Co. pp. 323–324. Retrieved May 30, 2013. Cited by Wikipedia: Gwriad_ap_Elidyr Accessed June 22, 2018 jhd
   7.↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Lloyd, John Edward (1912). A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest. Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 324 and note. Retrieved May 30, 2013. Cited by Wikipedia: Gwriad_ap_Elidyr Accessed June 22, 2018 jhd
   8.↑ Kermode, Philip Moore Callow (1897), Meyer, Kuno; Stern, L. Chr., eds., Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, Halle: Max Niemeyer, I: 48–53 Cited by Wikipedia: Gwriad_ap_Elidyr Accessed June 22, 2018 jhd
   9.↑ 9.0 9.1 Rhys, John (1897), Meyer, Kuno; Stern, L. Chr., eds., Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, Halle: Max Niemeyer, I: 52–53 Cited by Wikipedia: Gwriad_ap_Elidyr Accessed June 22, 2018 jhd
   10.↑ 10.0 10.1 Thornton, David E. (2004), "Merfyn Frych (d. 844)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press. Cited by Wikipedia: Gwriad_ap_Elidyr Accessed June 22, 2018 jhd
   11.↑ "Three kings who were of the sons of strangers: Gwryat son of Gwryan in y Gogledd; and Cadafel son of Cynfedw in Gwynedd; and Hyreidd Hir son of Bleidic in Deheubarth." Skene, William Forbes (1868b), The Four Ancient Books of Wales, II, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas (published 1868), p. 368. Cited by Wikipedia: Gwriad_ap_Elidyr Accessed June 22, 2018 jhd
   12.↑ Fraser, James E. (2009), From Caledonia to Pictland: Scotland to 795, New Edinburgh History of Scotland, I, Edinburgh University Press, p. 185, ISBN 978-0-7486-1232-1. Cited by Wikipedia: Gwriad_ap_Elidyr Accessed June 22, 2018 jhd
   
   See also:
   • http://www.thepeerage.com/p40333.htm#i403324
   • Darrell Wolcott, Sande Hardd of Mortyn
   

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