Family Gamito Valério » Philippe III le Hardi Roi de France (1245-1285)

Personal data Philippe III le Hardi Roi de France 

• The name is of type '_BIRTNM'
• Alternative names: Philippe III "the Fair the Bold" de France, Philip III "the Bold" King of France
• He was born on April 3, 1245 in Poissy-Nord, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, Île-de-France, France.
• He was christened on April 30, 1245 in Poissy, Yvelines, Île-de-France, France.
• Profession: Koning van Frankrijk.
• (Title) on 1270-1285: King of France.
• (Biography) : Biography.
• (_TITLE) from 1270 till 1285 in Paris, Île-de-France, Kingdom of France: King of France.
• (Coronation) on August 30, 1271 in Reims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France.
• He died on October 5, 1285 in Perpignan, Pyrénées-Orientales, Languedoc-Roussillon, France, he was 40 years old.
• He is buried on October 12, 1285 in Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Jacques.
• A child of St. Louis IX roi de France and Marguerite de Provence

Household of Philippe III le Hardi Roi de France

He is married to Isabella von Aragón.

They got married on May 28, 1262 at Clermont Ferrand, Puy-de-Dome, Auvergne, France, he was 17 years old.Source 14

Notes about Philippe III le Hardi Roi de France

DOCUMENTATION SOURCE - Hansen, Charle
DOCUMENTATION

SOURCE - Hansen, Charles M., The Descent of James Claypoole of
Phildelphia from Edward I. The American Genealogist, Vol. 67, page 98/99.

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Biography
Philip III, called the Bold, was a Capetian King of France who reigned from 1270 to 1285. Philip proved indecisive, soft in nature, and timid. He was born 30 April, 1245 in Poissy France. His parents were Louis IX King of France and Margaret of Provence.
He married Isabella of Aragon in 1262. Philip, the second son of Louis IX of France (Saint Louis), became heir to the throne on the death of his elder brother Louis (1260).

While accompanying his father on the Eighth Crusade in Tunis in 1270, his father King Louis IX died of dysentery. Phillip was proclaimed king in Tunis.
Phillip, then 25, with neither a great personality, will or piousness, was a good rider. He owed his nickname "Bold" to his valor in combat rather than strength of character. Other deaths in his family followed that year. In December, in Sicily, his brother-in-law, King Thepbald II of Navarre died. Then Philip's sister Isabella. And tragically, a month later, in Calabria, his wife Isabella, while pregnant with their fifth child, fell off her horse. She broke her spine, miscarried and died in terrible pain at Cosenza..
Philip III arrived in Paris on May 21, 1271, and made foremost tribute to the deceased. The next day the funeral of his father was held. The new sovereign was crowned King of France in Reims 15 August 1271.
Philip continued his father's highly successful administration by keeping in office his able and experienced household clerks. Philip was less successful militarily. In 1276 he declared war to support the claims of his nephews as heirs in Castile but soon abandoned the venture. In 1284, at the instigation of Pope Martin IV, Philip launched a campaign against Peter III of Aragon, as part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers, in which the Aragonese opposed the Angevin rulers of Sicily. Philip crossed the Pyrenees with his army in May 1285, but the atrocities perpetrated by his forces provoked a guerrilla uprising. After a meaningless victory at Gerona and the destruction of his fleet at Las Hormigas, Philip was forced to retreat. Philip III died of dysentery on 5 October 1285. His son, Philip IV of France, "the Fair", succeeded him as king of France. The attempt of Philip to conquer Aragon nearly bankrupted the French monarchy, causing challenges for his successor.
Following the Mos Teutonicus custom, his body was divided in several parts and buried in different places : the flesh was sent to the Narbonne Cathedral, the entrails to La Noë abbey in Normandy, his heart to the now-demolished church of the Couvent des Jacobins in Paris and his bones to Basilica of St. Denis, at the time north of Paris.
It is through Phillip's 1st marriage to Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France, daughter of King James I of Aragon that is our genealogical connection (through their 2nd son Philip IV King of France. They had 5 children: 1) Louis (died May 1276 poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother. 2) Philip IV of France (our connection), 3) Robert (1269-1271), 4) Charles, Count of Valois and 5) a stillborn child in 1271. After Isabella's death, Phillip remarried and had additional children.

Family Info from Wikipedia
On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella, daughter of King James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary.[
They had the following children:

Louis (1264 - May 1276).

Philip IV of France (1268 - 29 November 1314), his successor, married Joan I of Navarre

Robert (1269-1271)

Charles, Count of Valois (12 March 1270 - 16 December 1325),Count of Valois from 1284, married first to Margaret of Naples (Countess of Anjou) in 1290, second to Catherine I of Courtenay in 1302, and last to Mahaut of Chatillon in 1308

Stillborn son (1271)

After the death of Queen Isabella, he married on 21 August 1274 Marie,daughter of the late Henry III, Duke of Brabant, and Adelaide of Burgundy, Duchess of Brabant. Their children were:

Louis, Count of Évreux (May 1276 - 19 May 1319), Count of Évreux from 1298, married Margaret of Artois
Blanche of France, Duchess of Austria (1278 - 19 March 1305, Vienna), married Duke, the future king Rudolf I of Bohemia and Poland, on 25 May 1300.

Margaret of France, Queen of England (1282 - 14 February 1318), married King Edward I of England on 8 September 1299

Philip III (30 April 1245 - 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was King of France from 1270 to 1285, the tenth from the House of Capet.

King of France
Reign
25 August 1270 - 5 October 1285
Coronation
30 August 1271
Predecessor
Louis IX
Successor
Philip IV
Born
30 April 1245
Poissy
Died
5 October 1285 (aged 40)
Perpignan
Burial
Initially Narbonne, later Saint Denis Basilica
Spouse
Isabella of Aragon (m. 1262)
Maria of Brabant (m. 1274)
Issue
Louis of France
Philip IV of France
Charles, Count of Valois
Louis, Count of Évreux
Blanche, Duchess of Austria
Margaret, Queen of England
House
Capet
Father
Louis IX of France
Mother
Margaret of Provence
Religion
Roman Catholicism

Philip proved indecisive, soft in nature, and timid. The strong personalities of his parents apparently crushed him, and policies of his father dominated him. People called him "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not on the basis of his political or personal character. He was pious but not cultivated. He followed the suggestions of others, first of Pierre de La Broce and then of his uncle King Charles I of Naples, Sicily, and Albania.

His father, Louis IX, died in Tunis during the Eighth Crusade. Philip, who was accompanying him, came back to France to claim his throne and was anointed at Reims in 1271.

Philip made numerous territorial acquisitions during his reign, the most notable being the County of Toulouse which was annexed to the Crown lands of France in 1271. Following the Sicilian Vespers, a rebellion triggered by Peter III of Aragon against Philip's uncle Charles I of Naples, Philip led an unsuccessful Aragonese Crusade in support of his uncle. Philip was forced to retreat and died from dysentry in Perpignan in 1285. He was succeeded by his son Philip the Fair.

Biography

Early life

Philip was born in Poissy to King Saint Louis IX of France[2] and Margaret of Provence, queen consort of France. As a younger son, Philip was not expected to rule a kingdom. At the death of his elder brother Louis in 1260, he became the heir to the throne. He was then 15 years old and had less skill than his brother, being of a gentle character, submissive, timid and versatile, almost crushed by the strong personalities of his parents.

His mother Margaret made him promise to remain under her tutelage until the age of 30, but his father King Louis had him released from this oath by the pope, preferring to improve his son through education. Pope Urban IV released Philip from his oath on 6 June 1263. From 1268 Pierre de La Brosse became mentor. Saint Louis also provided him his own advice, writing in particular Enseignements, which inculcate primarily the notion of justice as the first duty of the king. He also received a very faith-oriented education. Guillaume d'Ercuis was also his chaplain before being the tutor of his son, the future king Philip IV.

Advent of Sorrow

Following the Treaty of Corbeil (1258), concluded on 11 March 1258 between James I of Aragon and his father, Philip was married in 1262 to Isabella of Aragon in Clermont by the archbishop of Rouen Eudes Rigaud. As Count of Orléans, he accompanied his father to the Eighth Crusade in Tunis, 1270. Shortly before his departure, St. Louis had given the regency of the kingdom into the hands of Mathieu de Vendôme and Simon II de Clermont-Nesle, Count of Clermont, to whom he had also entrusted the royal seal. After taking Carthage, the army was struck by an epidemic of dysentery, which spared neither Philip nor his family. His brother John Tristan, Count of Valois died first, on 3 August, and on 25 August the king died.[a][3] To prevent putrefaction of the remains of the sovereign, they recoursed to Mos Teutonicus.

Philip, then 25 years old, was proclaimed king in Tunis. With neither great personality or will, very pious, but a good rider, he owed his nickname of "Bold" to his valor in combat than strength of character. He was unable to command the troops at the death of his father. He left his uncle Charles I of Naples to negotiate with Muhammad I al-Mustansir, Hafsid Sultan of Tunis; there was a truce of ten years which allowed him to return to France. He got the payment of tribute from the caliph of Tunis in exchange for the departure of the crusaders. A treaty was concluded 28 October 1270 between the kings of France, Sicily and Navarre and the barons on one hand and the caliph of Tunis on the other.

Other deaths followed this debacle. In December, in Trapani, Sicily, the brother-in-law of Philip, King Theobald II of Navarre, died. He was quickly followed to the grave by Philip's sister Isabella. Finally, a month later, in Calabria, his wife Isabella, while pregnant with their fifth child, fell off her horse. She broke her spine, miscarried and died in terrible pain at Cosenza.

Philip III arrived in Paris on 21 May 1271, and made foremost tribute to the deceased. The next day the funeral of his father was held. The new sovereign was crowned King of France in Reims 15 August 1271.

Inheritances

Alphonse, Count of Poitiers and Toulouse, uncle of the newly crowned king Philip III, returning from the crusade, died childless in Italy on 21 August 1271. Philip inherited the counties from his uncle and united them to the Crown lands of France, the royal domain. His inheritance included a portion of Auvergne, then the Terre royale d'Auvergne, later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with wishes of Alphonse, he granted the Comtat Venaissin to Blessed Pope Gregory X in 1274. This inheritance also included the Agenais. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens (1279) with King Edward I of England, which restored this territory to the English.

Sicilian Vespers

King Philip III of France meanwhile supported policy of his uncle, King Charles I of Naples, Sicily, and Albania, in Italy.

King Peter III of Aragon and Valencia in 1282 triggered the Sicilian Vespers rebellion against King Charles I of Naples, Sicily, and Albania. The success of rebellion and invasion led to the coronation of Peter III of Aragon as king of Sicily therefore beginning the dynasty of the House of Barcelona in Sicily.

King Peter II of Aragon in 1205 put his realm under the suzerainty of the pope. Pope Martin IV excommunicated king Peter III of Aragon, the conqueror, and declared his kingdom forfeit.[4] The pope then granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, son of Philip III, king of France.

Family matters

Joan I of Navarre, daughter of the deceased king Henry I of Navarre, reigned as queen regnant of Navarre. Philip IV of France, son of Philip III and heir to the French throne, took her as his wife in 1284 per the Treaty of Orléans signed by Philip III and Joan's mother, Blanche of Artois.

In 1284, Peter, Count of Perche and Alençon, died without surviving children; therefore, his oldest living brother, Philip III, king of France, inherited his domains.

Aragonese Crusade and death

Philip III of France in 1284 responded to the Sicilian Vespers in support of his partially dethroned uncle. With his sons, the king entered Roussillon at the head of a large army on the ultimately unsuccessful Aragonese Crusade. The war took the name "crusade" from its papal sanction; nevertheless, one historian labelled it "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy.".[5] On 26 June 1285, Philip III the Bold entrenched himself before Girona in an attempt to besiege the city. Despite the strong resistance, the French took Girona on 7 September 1285.

Philip quickly experienced a reversal, however, as an epidemic of dysentery hit hard the French camp. The disease afflicted king Philip III personally. The French retreated, and the Aragonese enemy handily defeated the French at the Battle of the Col de Panissars on 1 October 1285.

Philip III died of dysentery in Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, on 5 October 1285. His son, Philip IV of France the Fair, succeeded him as king of France. The attempt of Philip to conquer Aragon nearly bankrupted the French monarchy, causing challenges for his successor.[6]

Following the Mos Teutonicus custom, his body was divided in several parts buried in different places : the flesh was sent to the Narbonne Cathedral, the entrails to La Noë abbey in Normandy, his heart to the now-demolished church of the Couvent des Jacobins in Paris and his bones to Basilica of St Denis, at the time north of Paris.[7]
Miles
Marriage and children

On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella, daughter of King James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary.[9] They had the following children:

Louis (died May 1276). He was poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother.
Philip IV of France (1268 - 29 November 1314), his successor, married Joan I of Navarre[10]
Robert (1269-1271)
Charles, Count of Valois (12 March 1270 - 16 December 1325),[11] Count of Valois from 1284, married first to Margaret of Anjou in 1290, second to Catherine I of Courtenay in 1302, and last to Mahaut of Chatillon in 1308
Stillborn son (1271)
After death of Queen Isabella, he married on 21 August 1274 Marie,[12] daughter of the late Henry III, Duke of Brabant, and Adelaide of Burgundy, Duchess of Brabant. Their children were:

Louis, Count of Évreux (May 1276 - 19 May 1319), Count of Évreux from 1298,[11] married Margaret of Artois
Blanche of France, Duchess of Austria (1278 - 19 March 1305, Vienna), married the duke, the future king Rudolf I of Bohemia and Poland, on 25 May 1300.[13]
Margaret of France, Queen of England (1282 - 14 February 1318), married king Edward I of England on 8 September 1299

For notes, references and sources see: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_III_of_France

geni.com
Philippe 'le Hardi' de France, III
Spanish: Felipe III "El Atrevido" de France

M L Call: The Royal Ancestry Bible Vol 1 Chart 37
W H Turton: The Plantagenet Ancestry pp 4, 96
M E Sorley: The Sorley Pedigrees P. 26
W Betham: Genealogical Tables Tab. 611

BIO BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CAPET.htm#CharlesValoisdied1325A as of 7/17/2016 PHILIPPE de France, son of LOUIS IX King of France & his wife Marguerite de Provence (Poissy, Yvelines 1 May 1245-Perpignan 5 Oct 1285, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Brevis Chronicon of Saint-Denis records the birth "in festo apostolorum Philippi et Jacobi" in 1245 of "Philippus filius Ludovici regis"[679]. The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the birth in 1245 "le premier mai, à la fête des apôtres Jacques et Philippe" of Philippe, son of Louis IX King of France[680]. The Speculum historiali of Vincent de Beauvais records the birth in 1243 of "Ludovicus filiorum...Ludovici regis Franciæ primogenitus" and the birth "anno sequenti" of "ei secundus filius...Philippus"[681]. Heir to the throne 1260 on the death of his older brother. He succeeded his father in 1270 as PHILIPPE III "le Hardi" King of France. He was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 15 Aug 1271. He succeeded his uncle in Toulouse 1271. He was a candidate for the imperial throne in 1273. King Philippe III invaded Aragon in early 1285 and briefly captured Girona 7 Sep 1285. The testament of "Philippes…Roy de France" is dated Dec 1285 and makes a bequest to "Blanche nostre suer", and also names "la Reine Isabelle jadis nostre demme"[682]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1285 "apud Perpeigniacum" of "Philippus...rex Franciæ", the burial of his flesh and intestines "apud Narbonam in majori ecclesia" and the burial of his heart "fratres Prædicatores Parisius...in sua...ecclesia"[683]. The necrology of the Leprosery at Sens records the death "VI Non Oct" of "Phylippus filius Ludovicus regi Francorum" at the castle of "Paripagniaus"[684]. m firstly (by contract Corbès near Montpellier 11 May 1258, Clermont-en-Auvergne 6 Jul 1262) Infanta doña ISABEL de Aragón, daughter of JAIME I "el Conquistador" King of Aragon & his second wife Iolanda of Hungary (1243-Cosenza, Calabria 28 Jan 1271, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña names "la primera…Violant…la otra Costancia…et Isabel…la quarta…Maria" as the four daughters of King Jaime and his second wife, stating that Isabel married "Phelip filio primogenito del Rey de Francia"[685]. The marriage contract between "Ludovicus…Francorum Rex…filium nostrum Philippum" and "Isabellam filiam…Jacobi…Regis Aragonum, Maioricarum et Valentiæ, comitem Barchinonensem et Urgelli et dominum Montispessulani" is dated 11 May 1258[686]. The Flores historiarum of Adam of Clermont records the marriage "in civitate Claromontensi" in 1262 of "Philippus regis Franciæ filius" and "filiam regis Aragonum...Ysabellam neptem beatæ Helizabeth Teutonicæ", adding that his father-in-law granted Philippe his property "in civitate Bituricensi, Carcassona et in diœcesi Mimatensi" in exchange for property "in comitatibus de Besaudu et Rossilionis et Cataloniæ"[687]. The "Visitation" of Rigaud Archbishop of Rouen records "II Non Jul" 1262 that he conducted the marriage ("desponsavimus") "in majori ecclesia dicti loci" (suggested in the edition consulted to be "Clari Montis") of "dominum Philippum primogenitum domini regis Francorum" and "domicella Ysabelli filia...regis Aragonum"[688]. The Gesta Sancti Ludovici records "circa Pentecosten" 1262 the marriage "apud Claromontem in Avernia" of "Ludovicus rex Franciæ...Philippo filio suo primogenito" and "Ysabellam filiam regis Aragoniæ"[689]. She died, 6 months pregnant, after a fall from a horse on returning from the crusade in Tunis. The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "V Kal Feb" of "dominis Ysabellis de Aragonis quondam Francie regine"[690]. m secondly (contract Vincennes 21 Aug 1274) MARIE de Brabant, daughter of HENRI III Duke of Brabant & his wife Alix de Bourgogne [Capet] (Louvain ([1260]-Murel near Meulan 12 Jan 1322, bur Paris, église des Cordeliers). The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names (in order) "Henricum…Iohannem…Godefridum…et Mariam" as the children of "Henricus…tertius dux" & his wife, specifying that Marie was later "regina Francie"[691]. The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1274 "die Martis infra octavas Assumptionis beatæ Mariæ...apud Vincenas" of "Philippus rex Franciæ" and "Mariam...filiam Henrici quondam ducis Brabantiæ ex filia ducis Hugonis Burgundiæ et sororem Joannis tunc Brabantiæ ducis"[692]. She was consecrated Queen of France at Paris, Sainte Chapelle 24 Jun 1275. The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records the consecration in 1275 "apud Parisius...in festo sancti Joannis Baptistæ" of "Maria regina Franciæ"[693]. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1321 (O.S.) of "Maria quondam regina Franciæ, orta de Brabanto et quondam ducis filia, uxor Philippi regis Franciæ filii sancti Ludovici" and her burial "apud fratres Minores Parisius"[694]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "IV Id Jan" of "domina Maria de Brebencia quondam regina Francie uxor quondam Philippi regi Francie dicti le Hardi"[695]. King Philippe III & his first wife had five children: 1. LOUIS de France (1263-of poisoning Château du Bois de Vincennes 1276 before May, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). 2. PHILIPPE de France (Fontainebleau [8 Apr/Jun] 1268-Fontainebleau 29 Nov 1314, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis, his heart bur Priory of Poissy). He became heir to the throne on the death of his older brother. He succeeded 1284 by right of his wife as FELIPE I King of Navarre, Comte de Champagne. He succeeded his father in 1285 as PHILIPPE IV "le Bel" King of France. 3. ROBERT de France (1269-1276, before May, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Kerrebrouck states that Robert was born in 1269[699]. 4. CHARLES de France (Vincennes 12 Mar 1270-Le Perray, Yvelines 16 Dec 1325, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). Comte de Valois et d'Alençon 1285. 5. child stillborn ([Cosenza] 28 Jan 1271). King Philippe III & his second wife had three children: 6. LOUIS de France (May 1276-Hôtel d'Evreux, Paris 19 May 1319, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). Comte de Beaumont-le-Roger (Beaumont-sur-Oise) 1284-1298. Comte d'Evreux, de Meulan, de Gien et de Longueville 6 Oct 1298, confirmed Apr 1308. m (1301) MARGUERITE d'Artois dame de Brie-Comte-Robert, daughter of PHILIPPE d'Artois Seigneur de Conches & his wife Blanche de Bretagne (1285-23/24 Apr or 26 Oct 1311, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). Dame de Brie-Comte-Robert. 7. MARGUERITE de France ([1277/83]-Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire 14 Feb 1318, bur Grey Friars, London). m ([Betrothed 12 May 1299] treaty Montreuil 19 Jun 1299, Canterbury Cathedral 8 Sep 1299) as his second wife, EDWARD I King of England, son of HENRY III King of England & his wife Eléonore de Provence (Palace of Westminster 17/18 Jun 1239-Burgh-on-Sands, Cumberland 8 Jul 1307, bur Westminster Abbey). 8. BLANCHE de France Ctss d'Alsace ([1278/85]-Vienna 19 Mar 1306, bur Vienna, Minoritenkirche). Betrothed (Sep 1290) to JEAN de Flandre, son of GUY Count of Flanders & his second wife Isabelle de Luxembourg Ctss de Namur (1267-[28 Oct 1329/31 Jan 1330], Bruges, église des Cordeliers). He succeeded in 1298 as JEAN I Comte de Namur. Betrothed (31 Jul 1291) to EDWARD Prince of Wales, son of EDWARD I King of England & his first wife Infanta doña Leonor de Castilla (Caernarvon Castle 25 Apr 1284-murdered Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire 21 Sep 1327, bur Gloucester Cathedral). He succeeded his father in 1307 as EDWARD II King of England. Betrothed (1296) JEAN de Hainaut Graaf van Oostrevant, son of JEAN II Comte de Hainaut & his wife Philippine de Luxembourg (-killed in battle near Courtrai 11 Jul 1302). m (by treaty Aug 1299, Paris 29 May 1300) as his first wife, RUDOLF III Duke of Austria, son of ALBRECHT I King of Germany & his wife Elisabeth Queen of Hungary and Bohemia ([1282]-Heerlager [Horazdiowitz/Horaždovice] an der Otava/Mottawa 4 Jul 1307, bur Prague, St Veit's Cathedral). He succeeded in 1306 as RUDOLF King of Bohemia. ** from The World of the Middle Ages (John L. LaMonte) p 464-- At the death of Louis IX in Tunisin 1270 the throne passed to his eldest son Philip III (1270-85). Appanages were created for Philip's younger brothers Robert and Peter in Clermont and Alencon, thus continuing the unfortunate policy begun by Louis VIII. The reign of Philip III marked a setback in the development of the royal power as Philip allowed himself to be dominated by his uncle, Charles of Anjou, and French policy became dependent of Angevin. It was at the instigation of Charles that Philip advanced his own candidacy for the throne of the enpire unsuccessfully, and also became involved in the "crusade against Aragon." Aragon supported the Sicilian Vespers which drove the Angevins out of Sicily in 1282; Pope Martin IV preached a crusade against Aragon on behalf of Charles, and Philip led a large army south to support his uncle. He was stopped at Gerona and died while retreating northwards (1285). French prestige in Castile had also suffered in his reign owing to his unsuccessful attempts to secure the throne for his nephews, the Infantes de la Cerda, who were opposing the claims of Sancho IV. In southern France, Philip III did accomplish the final union of Languedoc and Toulouse to the royal domain on the death of Alphonse of Poitiers with direct heirs... ** from Encyclopedia of World History (William Langer, 1962) p 231 France 1270-1285. Philip III (the Rash), a hasty, ill-balanced king, victim of his favorites. The death of Philip's uncle, Alfonso of Poitiers, brought Languedoc under royal sway and established the royal power firmly in southern France (1272). The walls of Carcassonne and Aigues Mortes were built, the latter place giving access to the Mediterranean. Unsuccessful candidacy (1273) of Charles of Anjou for the imperial crown. Crusade (1282) against the King of Aragon, Philip acting as papal champion against the successful rival of the House of Anjou in Sicily. 1281-1285. The pontificate of Martin IV brought to an end an anti-French period of papal policy; paapl support of Charles of Anjou's ambitious dreams of Byzantine conquest until the Sicilian Vespers. There followed another period of papal opposition to French ambitions. ** from Wikipedia listing for Philip III of France as of 7/17/2016 Philip III (30 April 1245 - 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi),[1] was a Capetian King of France who reigned from 1270 to 1285. Philip proved indecisive, soft in nature, and timid. The strong personalities of his parents apparently crushed him, and policies of his father dominated him. People called him "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not on the basis of his political or personal character. He was pious but not cultivated. He followed the suggestions of others, first of Pierre de La Broce and then of his uncle King Charles I of Naples, Sicily, and Albania. His father, Louis IX, died in Tunis during the Eighth Crusade. Philip, who was accompanying him, came back to France to claim his throne and was anointed at Reims in 1271. Philip made numerous territorial acquisitions during his reign, the most notable being the County of Toulouse which was annexed to the Crown lands of France in 1271. Following the Sicilian Vespers, a rebellion trigered by Peter III of Aragon against Philip's uncle Charles I of Naples, Philip led an unsuccessful Aragonese Crusade in support of his uncle. Philip was forced to retreat and died from dysentry in Perpignan in 1285. He was succeeded by his son Philip the Fair. Biography Early life Philip was born in Poissy to King Saint Louis IX of France[2] and Margaret of Provence, queen consort of France. As a younger son, Philip was not expected to rule a kingdom. At the death of his elder brother Louis in 1260, he became the heir to the throne. He was then 15 years old and has less skill than his brother, being of a gentle character, submissive, timid and versatile, almost crushed by the strong personalities of his parents. His mother Margaret made him promise to remain under her tutelage until the age of 30, but his father King Louis had him released from this oath by the pope, preferring to improve his son through education. Pope Urban IV released Philip from his oath on June 6, 1263. From 1268 Pierre de La Brosse became mentor. Saint Louis also provided him his own advice, writing in particular Enseignements, which inculcate primarily the notion of justice as the first duty of the king. He also received a very faith-oriented education. Guillaume d'Ercuis was also his chaplain before being the tutor of his son, the future king Philip IV. Advent of Sorrow Following the Treaty of Corbeil (1258), concluded on March 11, 1258 between James I of Aragon and his father, Philip was married in 1262 to Isabella of Aragon in Clermont by the archbishop of Rouen Eudes Rigaud. As Count of Orléans, he accompanied his father to the Eighth Crusade in Tunis, 1270. Shortly before his departure, St. Louis had given the regency of the kingdom into the hands of Mathieu de Vendôme and Simon II de Clermont-Nesle, Count of Clermont, to whom he had also entrusted the royal seal. After taking Carthage, the army was struck by an epidemic of dysentery, which spared neither Philip nor his family. His brother John Tristan, Count of Valois died first, on August 3, and on August 25 the king died.[3] To prevent putrefaction of the remains of the sovereign, they recoursed to Mos Teutonicus. Philip, then 25 years old, was proclaimed king in Tunis. With neither great personality or will, very pious, but a good rider, he owed his nickname of "Bold" to his valor in combat than strength of character. He was unable to command the troops at the death of his father. He left his uncle Charles I of Naples to negotiate with Muhammad I al-Mustansir, Hafsid Sultan of Tunis; there was a truce of ten years which allowed him to return to France. He got the payment of tribute from the caliph of Tunis in exchange for the departure of the crusaders. A treaty was concluded October 28, 1270 between the kings of France, Sicily and Navarre and the barons on one hand and the caliph of Tunis on the other. Other deaths followed this debacle. In December, in Trapani, Sicily, the brother-in-law of Philip, King Theobald II of Navarre is dead. He was quickly followed to the grave by Philip's sister Isabella. Finally, a month later, in Calabria, his wife Isabella, while pregnant with their fifth child, fell off her horse. She broke her spine, miscarried and died in terrible pain at Cosenza. Philip III arrived in Paris on May 21, 1271, and made foremost tribute to the deceased. The next day the funeral of his father was held. The new sovereign was crowned King of France in Reims 15 August 1271. Inheritances Alphonse, Count of Poitiers and Toulouse, uncle of the newly crowned king Philip III, returning from the crusade, died childless in Italy on 21 August 1271. Philip inherited the counties from his uncle and united them to the Crown lands of France, the royal demesne. His inheritance included a portion of Auvergne, then the Terre royale d'Auvergne, later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with wishes of Alphonse, he granted the Comtat Venaissin to Blessed Pope Gregory X in 1274. This inheritance also included the Agenais. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens (1279) with King Edward I of England, which restored this territory to the English. Sicilian Vespers King Philip III of France meanwhile supported policy of his uncle, King Charles I of Naples, Sicily, and Albania, in Italy. King Peter III of Aragon and Valencia in 1282 triggered the Sicilian Vespers rebellion against King Charles I of Naples, Sicily, and Albania. The success of rebellion and invasion led to the coronation of Peter III of Aragon as king of Sicily therefore beginning the dynasty of the House of Barcelona in Sicily. King Peter II of Aragon in 1205 put his realm under the suzerainty of the pope. Pope Martin IV excommunicated king Peter III of Aragon, the conqueror, and declared his kingdom forfeit.[4] The pope then granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, son of Philip III, king of France. Family matters Joan I of Navarre, daughter of the deceased king Henry I of Navarre, reigned as queen regnant of Navarre. Philip IV of France, son of Philip III and heir to the French throne, took her as his wife in 1284 per the Treaty of Orléans signed by Philip III and Joan's mother, Blanche of Artois. In 1284, Peter, Count of Perche and Alençon, died without surviving children; therefore, his oldest living brother, Philip III, king of France, inherited his domains. Aragonese Crusade and death Philip III of France in 1284 responded to the Sicilian Vespers in support of his partially dethroned uncle. With his sons, the king entered Roussillon at the head of a large army on the ultimately unsuccessful Aragonese Crusade. The war took the name "crusade" from its papal sanction; nevertheless, one historian labelled it "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy.".[5] On 26 June 1285, Philip III the Bold entrenched himself before Girona in an attempt to besiege the city. Despite the strong resistance, the French took Girona on 7 September 1285. Philip quickly experienced a reversal, however, as an epidemic of dysentery hit hard the French camp. The disease afflicted king Philip III personally. The French retreated, and the Aragonese enemy handily defeated the French at the Battle of the Col de Panissars on 1 October 1285. Philip III died of dysentery in Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, on 5 October 1285. His son, Philip IV of France the Fair, succeeded him as king of France. The attempt of Philip to conquer Aragon nearly bankrupted the French monarchy, causing challenges for his successor.[6] Following the Mos Teutonicus custom, his body was divided in several parts buried in different places : the flesh was sent to the Narbonne Cathedral, the entrails to La Noë abbey in Normandy, his heart to the now-demolished church of the Couvent des Jacobins in Paris and his bones to Basilica of St Denis, at the time north of Paris.[7] On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France, daughter of King James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary.[9] They had the following children: Louis (died May 1276). He was poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother. Philip IV of France (1268 - 29 November 1314), his successor, married Joan I of Navarre Robert (1269-1271) Charles, Count of Valois (12 March 1270 - 16 December 1325), Count of Valois from 1284, married first to Margaret of Anjou in 1290, second to Catherine I of Courtenay in 1302, and last to Mahaut of Chatillon in 1308 Stillborn son (1271) After death of queen consort Isabella, he married on 21 August 1274 Marie of Brabant, Queen of France, daughter of the late Henry III, Duke of Brabant, and Adelaide of Burgundy, Duchess of Brabant. Their children were: Louis, Count of Évreux (May 1276 - 19 May 1319), Count of Évreux from 1298, married Margaret of Artois Blanche of France, Duchess of Austria (1278 - 19 March 1305, Vienna), married the duke, the future king Rudolf I of Bohemia and Poland, on 25 May 1300. Margaret of France, Queen of England (1282 - 14 February 1318), married king Edward I of England on 8 September 1299 Notes Elizabeth M. Hallam, Capetian France: 987-1328, (Longman House, 1980), 275. Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty, (Continuum, 2007), 237. The disease in question was either dysentery or typhus; Riley-Smith 2005, pp. 210-211 Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty, 239. Chaytor, p 105. Jonathan Sumption, The Hundred Years War:Trial by Battle, Vol. I, (Faber and Faber Limited, 1990), 24. Cárdenas, Fabricio (2014). 66 petites histoires du Pays Catalan [66 Little Stories of Catalan Country] (in French). Perpignan: Ultima Necat. ISBN 978-2-36771-006-8. OCLC 893847466. Philip III, Yolanda de Pontfarcy, The Dante Encyclopedia, ed. Richard Lansing, (Routledge, 2010), 691. Philip III the Bold, William Chester Jordan, Medieval France: An Encyclopedia, ed. William W. Kibler and Grover A. Zinn, (Routledge, 2007), 727. Sources Chaytor, H. J. A History of Aragon and Catalonia. 1933.

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Timeline Philippe III le Hardi Roi de France

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