January 4 » English Civil War: The Rump Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial.
February 5 » Charles Stuart, the son of King Charles I, is declared King Charles II of England and Scotland by the Scottish Parliament.
March 11 » The Frondeurs and the French sign the Peace of Rueil.
May 19 » An Act of Parliament declaring England a Commonwealth is passed by the Long Parliament. England would be a republic for the next eleven years.
September 2 » The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro.
September 11 » Siege of Drogheda ends: Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentarian troops take the town and execute its garrison.
May 24 » The Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, England, opens as the world's first university museum.
June 23 » William Penn signs a friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Indians in Pennsylvania.
July 16 » Manchu Qing dynasty naval forces under traitorous commander Shi Lang defeat the Kingdom of Tungning in the Battle of Penghu near the Pescadores Islands.
September 17 » Antonie van Leeuwenhoek writes a letter to the Royal Society describing "animalcules".
October 3 » Qing dynasty naval commander Shi Lang receives the surrender of the Tungning kingdom on Taiwan after the Battle of Penghu.
October 6 » Immigrant families found Germantown, Pennsylvania in the first major immigration of German people to America.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hermann Hartenthaler, "Familien Hartenthaler, Mauz, Tschichholz", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/familien-hartenthaler-mauz-tschichholz/I6919.php : accessed June 21, 2024), "Hedwig Sophia von Hohenzollern (1623-1683)".
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