January 14 » The "Fundamental Orders", the first written constitution that created a government, is adopted in Connecticut.
March 13 » Harvard College is named after clergyman John Harvard.
April 14 » Imperial forces are defeated by the Swedes at the Battle of Chemnitz. The Swedish victory prolongs the Thirty Years' War and allows them to advance into Bohemia.
August 22 » Madras (now Chennai), India, is founded by the British East India Company on a sliver of land bought from local Nayak rulers.
March 4 » English King Charles II declares war on the Netherlands marking the start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
April 8 » English colonial patents are granted for the establishment of the Monmouth Tract, for what would eventually become Monmouth County in northeastern New Jersey.
June 17 » Battle of Montes Claros: Portugal definitively secured independence from Spain in the last battle of the Portuguese Restoration War.
October 29 » Portuguese forces defeat the Kingdom of Kongo and decapitate King António I of Kongo, also known as Nvita a Nkanga.
November 7 » The London Gazette, the oldest surviving journal, is first published.
December 10 » The Royal Netherlands Marine Corps is founded by Michiel de Ruyter
February 3 » The colony of Massachusetts issues the first paper money in the Americas.
February 15 » Constantin Cantemir, Prince of Moldavia, and the Holy Roman Empire sign a secret treaty in Sibiu, stipulating that Moldavia would support the actions led by the House of Habsburg against the Ottoman Empire.
June 14 » King William III of England (William of Orange) lands in Ireland to confront the former King James II.
July 1 » Glorious Revolution: Battle of the Boyne in Ireland (as reckoned under the Julian calendar).
August 24 » Job Charnock of the East India Company establishes a factory in Calcutta, an event formerly considered the founding of the city (in 2003 the Calcutta High Court ruled that the city's foundation date is unknown).
September 25 » Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick, the first newspaper to appear in the Americas, is published for the first and only time.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Scott Ewing, "Ewing family tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/ewing-family-tree/P638.php : accessed May 6, 2025), "Pierre Rene Dubois (1639-1690)".
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