The temperature on July 31, 1861 was about 21.4 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 11 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 53%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
January 19 » American Civil War: Georgia joins South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, and Alabama in declaring secession from the United States.
April 15 » President Abraham Lincoln calls for 75,000 Volunteers to quell the insurrection that soon became the American Civil War.
May 13 » American Civil War: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a "proclamation of neutrality" which recognizes the Confederacy as having belligerent rights.
July 26 » American Civil War: George B. McClellan assumes command of the Army of the Potomac following a disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.
August 5 » The United States Army abolishes flogging.
November 7 » American Civil War: Battle of Belmont: In Belmont, Missouri, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant overrun a Confederate camp but are forced to retreat when Confederate reinforcements arrive.
Day of marriage September 29, 1882
The temperature on September 29, 1882 was about 15.3 °C. There was 14 mm of rain. The air pressure was 22 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 84%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
July 10 » War of the Pacific: Chile suffers its last military defeat in the Battle of La Concepción when a garrison of 77 men is annihilated by a 1,300-strong Peruvian force, many of them armed with spears.
August 20 » Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture debuts in Moscow, Russia.
September 4 » The Pearl Street Station in New York City becomes the first power plant to supply electricity to paying customers.
September 5 » Tottenham Hotspur, a Premier League football club from North London, is founded (as Hotspur F.C.).
September 13 » Anglo-Egyptian War: The Battle of Tel el-Kebir is fought.
October 16 » The Nickel Plate Railroad opens for business.
Day of death August 20, 1931
The temperature on August 20, 1931 was between 12.5 °C and 20.1 °C and averaged 15.7 °C. There was 10.1 hours of sunshine (70%). The average windspeed was 5 Bft (very strong wind) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 10, 1929 to May 26, 1933 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck III, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
March 31 » A Transcontinental & Western Air airliner crashes near Bazaar, Kansas, killing eight, including University of Notre Dame head football coach Knute Rockne.
June 23 » Wiley Post and Harold Gatty take off from Roosevelt Field, Long Island in an attempt to circumnavigate the world in a single-engine plane.
July 1 » United Airlines begins service (as Boeing Air Transport).
September 18 » The Mukden Incident gives Japan a pretext to invade and occupy Manchuria.
October 1 » The George Washington Bridge in the United States, linking New Jersey and New York, is opened.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Gemma Ekermans, "Family tree Ekermans", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/ekermans-stamboom/I12.php : accessed February 25, 2026), "Paulina Margaretha Hammelstein (1861-1931)".
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