The temperature on July 23, 1863 was about 17.0 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 72%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
April 16 » American Civil War: During the Vicksburg Campaign, gunboats commanded by acting Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter run downriver past Confederate artillery batteries at Vicksburg.
May 14 » American Civil War: The Battle of Jackson takes place.
July 4 » American Civil War: The Army of Northern Virginia withdraws from the battlefield after losing the Battle of Gettysburg, signalling an end to the Confederate invasion of U.S. territory.
July 7 » The United States begins its first military draft; exemptions cost $300.
July 19 » American Civil War: Morgan's Raid: At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
November 19 » American Civil War: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at the dedication ceremony for the military cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
Day of marriage April 17, 1882
The temperature on April 17, 1882 was about 10.3 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 96%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
June 6 » The Shewan forces of Menelik II of Ethiopia defeat the Gojjame army in the Battle of Embabo. The Shewans capture Negus Tekle Haymanot of Gojjam, and their victory leads to a Shewan hegemony over the territories south of the Abay River.
June 28 » The Anglo-French Convention of 1882 marks the territorial boundaries between Guinea and Sierra Leone.
July 26 » Premiere of Richard Wagner's opera Parsifal at Bayreuth.
August 20 » Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture debuts in Moscow, Russia.
September 4 » The Pearl Street Station in New York City becomes the first power plant to supply electricity to paying customers.
September 5 » Tottenham Hotspur, a Premier League football club from North London, is founded (as Hotspur F.C.).
Day of death April 19, 1943
The temperature on April 19, 1943 was between 6.9 °C and 13.1 °C and averaged 9.6 °C. There was 1.4 mm of rain during 1.6 hours. There was 7.8 hours of sunshine (55%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
January 14 » World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill begin the Casablanca Conference to discuss strategy and study the next phase of the war.
June 24 » US military police attempt to arrest a black soldier in Bamber Bridge, England, sparking the Battle of Bamber Bridge mutiny that leaves one dead and seven wounded.
September 23 » World War II: The Nazi puppet state known as the Italian Social Republic is founded.
October 8 » World War II: Around 30 civilians are executed by Friedrich Schubert's paramilitary group in Kallikratis, Crete.
December 2 » World War II: A Luftwaffe bombing raid on the harbour of Bari, Italy, sinks numerous cargo and transport ships, including the American SSJohn Harvey, which is carrying a stockpile of World War I-era mustard gas.
December 28 » World War II: After eight days of brutal house-to-house fighting, the Battle of Ortona concludes with the victory of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division over the German 1st Parachute Division and the capture of the Italian town of Ortona.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hendrik Dreyer, "Dreyer Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/dreyer-tree/I5174.php : accessed January 17, 2026), "Maria Jacoba Smith (1863-1943)".
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