Dreyer Tree » Maria Frances Laing (1832-1861)

Day of marriage November 23, 1857

• The temperature on November 23, 1857 was about 7.9 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 5 kgf/m² and came mainly from the south-southwest. The atmospheric humidity was 97%. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
• In the year 1857: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.3 million citizens.
  • July 18 » Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war against the French.
  • August 24 » The Panic of 1857 begins, setting off one of the most severe economic crises in United States history.
  • September 7 » Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers slaughter most members of peaceful, emigrant wagon train.
  • September 20 » The Indian Rebellion of 1857 ends with the recapture of Delhi by troops loyal to the East India Company.
  • October 24 » Sheffield F.C., the world's oldest association football club still in operation, is founded in England.
  • November 16 » Second relief of Lucknow: Twenty-four Victoria Crosses are awarded, the most in a single day.

Day of death January 7, 1861

• The temperature on January 7, 1861 was about -8.5 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m² and came mainly from the north. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 97%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
• From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
• In the year 1861: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.6 million citizens.
  • January 9 » American Civil War: "Star of the West" incident occurs near Charleston, South Carolina.
  • February 11 » American Civil War: The United States House of Representatives unanimously passes a resolution guaranteeing noninterference with slavery in any state.
  • March 30 » Discovery of the chemical elements: Sir William Crookes announces his discovery of thallium.
  • April 19 » American Civil War: Baltimore riot of 1861: A pro-Secession mob in Baltimore attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.
  • May 29 » The Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce is founded, in Hong Kong.
  • October 9 » American Civil War: Union troops repel a Confederate attempt to capture Fort Pickens.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1830 » John Thomas Campbell, Irish-Australian public servant and politician (b. 1770)
• 1830 » Thomas Lawrence, English painter and educator (b. 1769)
• 1858 » Mustafa Reşid Pasha, Ottoman politician, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1800)
• 1864 » Caleb Blood Smith, American journalist and politician, 6th U.S. Secretary of the Interior (b. 1808)
• 1892 » Tewfik Pasha, Egyptian ruler (b. 1852)
• 1893 » Josef Stefan, Slovenian physicist and mathematician (b. 1835)