February 28 » Queen Ranavalona III, the last monarch of Madagascar, is deposed by a French military force.
April 30 » J. J. Thomson of the Cavendish Laboratory announces his discovery of the electron as a subatomic particle, over 1,800 times smaller than a proton (in the atomic nucleus), at a lecture at the Royal Institution in London.
June 22 » British colonial officers Charles Walter Rand and Lt. Charles Egerton Ayerst are assassinated in Pune, Maharashtra, India by the Chapekar brothers and Mahadeo Vinayak Ranade, who are later caught and hanged.
September 11 » After months of pursuit, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last king of Kaffa, bringing an end to that ancient kingdom.
December 9 » Activist Marguerite Durand founds the feminist daily newspaper La Fronde in Paris.
December 30 » The British Colony of Natal annexes Zululand.
Day of marriage February 9, 1931
The temperature on February 9, 1931 was between -1.9 °C and 2.5 °C and averaged 0.9 °C. There was 2.6 mm of rain during 4.8 hours. The average windspeed was 5 Bft (very strong wind) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 10, 1929 to May 26, 1933 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck III, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
March 15 » SSViking explodes off Newfoundland, killing 27 of the 147 on board.
March 26 » Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union is founded in Vietnam.
March 31 » A Transcontinental & Western Air airliner crashes near Bazaar, Kansas, killing eight, including University of Notre Dame head football coach Knute Rockne.
May 1 » The Empire State Building is dedicated in New York City.
May 29 » Michele Schirru, a citizen of the United States, is executed by Italian military firing squad for intent to kill Benito Mussolini.
October 1 » Clara Campoamor persuades the Constituent Cortes to enfranchise women in Spain's new constitution.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hendrik Dreyer, "Dreyer Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/dreyer-tree/I12440.php : accessed January 18, 2026), "Martha Elizabeth Gouws (1897-1934)".
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