The temperature on December 11, 1869 was about 7.1 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 91%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
March 24 » The last of Titokowaru's forces surrendered to the New Zealand government, ending his uprising.
April 6 » Celluloid is patented.
August 2 » Japan's Edo society class system is abolished as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms.
August 29 » The Mount Washington Cog Railway opens, making it the world's first mountain-climbing rack railway.
October 5 » The Saxby Gale devastates the Bay of Fundy region in Canada.
November 17 » In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated.
Day of death June 23, 1955
The temperature on June 23, 1955 was between 11.2 °C and 20.8 °C and averaged 16.4 °C. There was 2.1 hours of sunshine (13%). The heavily clouded was. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the southwest. Source: KNMI
February 8 » The Government of Sindh, Pakistan, abolishes the Jagirdari system in the province. One million acres (4000km) of land thus acquired is to be distributed among the landless peasants.
April 12 » The polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk, is declared safe and effective.
May 25 » First ascent of Mount Kangchenjunga: A British expedition led by Charles Evans, Joe Brown and George Band reaches the summit of the third-highest mountain in the world (8,586 meters); Norman Hardie and Tony Streather join them the following day.
June 26 » The South African Congress Alliance adopts the Freedom Charter at the Congress of the People in Kliptown.
July 15 » Eighteen Nobel laureates sign the Mainau Declaration against nuclear weapons, later co-signed by thirty-four others.
July 27 » The Austrian State Treaty restores Austrian sovereignty.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: James Downs, "Downs Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/downs-tree/I312392305848.php : accessed December 21, 2025), "Emma Spence (1869-1955)".
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